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Traumebevisst og relasjonsbasert omsorg

Veileder for ansatte i statlige mottak for enslige mindreårige asylsøkere.

Veileder for ansatte i statlige mottak for enslige mindreårige asylsøkere.

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voksne som tåler <strong>og</strong> kan romme deres erfaringer<br />

<strong>og</strong> følelser. Struktur <strong>og</strong> rytme er viktig, men Kohli<br />

påpeker at den nødvendige forutsetningen for at<br />

<strong>omsorg</strong>soppdraget overfor disse ungdommene<br />

løses, er at det skjer innen en ramme av<br />

«companionship». Dette kan forståes som en<br />

personlig <strong>og</strong> følelsesmessig relasjon basert på tillit<br />

<strong>og</strong> god tilknytning, <strong>og</strong> det innebærer gjensidighet i<br />

relasjonen. Man må lære ungdommene å kjenne<br />

som mennesker, <strong>og</strong> ikke kun bygge sin forståelse på<br />

en kategorisering som asylsøker eller enslig mindreårig.<br />

Kohli poengterer at dette er basis for å skape<br />

trygghet, tilhørighet <strong>og</strong> opplevelser av mestring,<br />

som er grunnleggende behov for alle barn. 10<br />

Slik vi ser det har Kohlis forskning på enslige mindreårige<br />

asylsøkeres behov mange paralleller til traumebevisst<br />

<strong>omsorg</strong>. Ressursperspektivet, <strong>og</strong> betydningen av<br />

både struktur <strong>og</strong> lek, er <strong>og</strong>så fellesnevnere. Ravi Kohli<br />

har, sammen med en rekke organisasjoner i Europa, 11<br />

formulert noen råd for hvordan man med god<br />

praksis kan støtte enslige mindreårige asylsøkere<br />

i mottakerland. Dette er oppsummert på følgende<br />

plakat:<br />

How to accompany<br />

unaccompanied minors?<br />

Some thoughts on good practice<br />

When you are with unaccompanied minors, share this question:<br />

What if our differences are not an obstacle to be overcome,<br />

but rather a resource for new ways of solving problems? (Kenneth Gergen).<br />

See your relationship with them as a resource that you build t<strong>og</strong>ether.<br />

13<br />

Then do this:<br />

7 fundamentals<br />

Help them feel safe when they arrive, stay, and leave<br />

Make time, build trust, question gently<br />

Show respect that restores dignity<br />

Never give up on them<br />

Be reliable and adaptable<br />

Explain the rules, inside and outside the house<br />

Be a citizen maker, not a border guard<br />

7 ways of feeling at home<br />

Offer a warm and gentle welcome<br />

Learn and use a few words in their language<br />

Create a cosy, family like environment<br />

Be realistic in a calm way: say ‘yes’ and ‘no’ kindly<br />

Ask for their ideas and try to make these happen<br />

If you don’t agree with their ideas, explain why<br />

Keep them informed of what’s happening<br />

7 relationship rules<br />

Be curious about how they became the person who they are<br />

Do shared activities: sports; cooking t<strong>og</strong>ether; visiting t<strong>og</strong>ether; doing nothing t<strong>og</strong>ether<br />

Recover the rhythm of ordinary life: routines and rituals<br />

Create chances for them to give something back to others<br />

Understand their experience of time<br />

Respect their right to privacy<br />

Enjoy their company<br />

This poster was produced by Helene Jevdjenijevic and Ravi Kohli based on the work<br />

of the Community of Practices and Knowledge for Unaccompanied Minors in Europe – Athens, January 2019<br />

With the financial support of the Erasmus+ Youth Pr<strong>og</strong>ram

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