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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA STRUKTURE SAOBRAAJNOG SISTEMA I POSLOVANJA SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA segmentima tržišta železnice i njene podele rada s drugim granama saobraaja. Ovo stoga što suštinski cilj harmonizacije u stvari predstavlja reafirmacija železnice i poveanje stepena korišenja njenih ve postojeih kapaciteta, kao i ponovno preuzimanje (procesom supstitucije izgubljenih prevoza) transporta za koje je železnica bila i ostala društveno najrentabilnija. SEGMENTI TRŽIŠTA ŽELEZNICE Konkurentska sposobnost železnice i njeno ueše u podeli rada na saobraajnom tržištu mogu se realno utvrivati samo na bazi modernizovanih voznih kapaciteta železnice s organizacijom automatizovanog regulisanja odvijanja saobraaja odgovarajuim signalno-sigurnosnim ureajima i infrastrukturom sposobnom da podnese velike brzine vozova. Putniki saobraaj U podeli rada na tržištu putnikog saobraaja postoji ozbiljan potencijal prevoza za železnicu u odnosu na njene konkurente, kako u unutrašnjem, tako i u meunarodnom saobraaju. Iz tog razloga postavljeni su sledei ciljevi harmonizacije: u dnevnom saobraaju železnica treba da preuzme saobraaj putnika izmeu gradova i turistikih centara s vremenom putovanja 2 do 4 asa i putovanja na distancama do 500 km u domaem saobraaju i do 800 km u meunarodnom. U takvoj konkurenciji drumski saobraaj treba da se orijentiše na srednja i kraa odstojanja, a vazdušni saobraaj na duža; u nonom saobraaju železnica treba da preuzme putniki saobraaj na distancama do 1200 km; 98 116
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA STRUKTURE SAOBRAAJNOG SISTEMA I POSLOVANJA SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA u velikim aglomeracijama železnica treba da preuzme kružni i tranzitni saobraaj metroom i brzom gradskom železnicom i da ostvari integraciju aerodroma i centralnih stanica ostalih grana saobraaja u aglomeraciji. Robni saobraaj Robni saobraaj prepušta se punoj liberalizaciji, gde uloga železnice treba da bude izrazita prvenstveno u sluajevima prevoza na dužim odstojanjima i to kada je re o: sirovinama, rudama, eliku; ostalim masivnim robama (mineralije, cement, drvo, ugalj, tena goriva, žito...); industrijskim poluproizvodima, investicionoj i potrošnoj robi (hemijski proizvodi, mašine, transportna sredstva i oprema... gotovi proizvodi). Prevoze na kraim i srednjim odstojanjima treba da preuzme drumski saobraaj. Posebnu šansu za razvoj svaka saobraajna grana ima ukljuivanjem u podelu rada u okviru formiranja ''transportnog lanca'' integralnog transporta. ORGANIZACIJA PONUDE USLUGA Realizacija podele rada prema konceptu segmentacije tržišta zahteva odgovarajue organizacione mere železnice. Putniki saobraaj U putnikom saobraaju železnice evropskih zemalja preduzele su i neprestano unapreuju organizacione mere 99 117
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