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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI s utovarom i istovarom na teritoriji istog železniko-transportnog preduzea; s prevozom i utovarom u odvozu; s prevozom i istovarom u dovozu; i u tranzitu. Sve ove strukturne razlike moraju se na isti nain (prema utvrenom koeficijentu) svoditi na odgovarajui broj rtkm da bi se realna produktivnost rada mogla izmeriti. 2. Merenje i analiza parcijalne produktivnosti Problematika merenja i analize produktivnosti rada, a posebno parcijalne produktivnosti naroito je složena u železnikom saobraaju, a proizilazi iz karaktera procesa bruto i neto rada. Usled razvijene tehnike podele rada i ueša velikog broja organizacionih jedinica (radnih mesta i radnika) u proizvodnji usluga, produktivnost se ne može meriti samo jednim pokazateljem neto rada. Produktivnost na pojedinim radnim mestima i u pojedinim organizacionim jedinicama može se meriti iskljuivo jedinicama mere bruto rada. Na primer: na radnom mestu otpravnika vozova, brojem otpravljenih vozova; rad voznog osoblja, brojem voznih kilometara; rad motorovoa, brojem lokomotivskih kilometara; ukupni rad vue vozova, brojem bruto tonskih kilometara, 410 428
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI pa sledi da je u tom sluaju mera produktivnosti sledea: Q P = R brtkm gde Qbrtkm predstavlja broj bruto tonskih kilometara. U ovom sluaju postavlja se osnovno metodološko pitanje: kako povezati ostvarenu produktivnost bruto rada sa ostvarenim neto radom sadržanim u redukovanim tonskim kilometrima, tj. kako stimulisati radnika da ostvari vei neto rad (broj usluga u pkm i ntkm) u okviru bruto rada. To se može postii merama na osnovu kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih pokazatelja, drugim reima, pokazateljima kvaliteta rada i koeficijentom bruto/neto rada. Znai, produktivnost se može meriti i metodom vrednosnih pokazatelja. U tom sluaju, u brojiocu se uzima vrednost ukupnog prihoda (V) [dohotka (D) ili dobiti, ve prema tome koji se rezultat želi], a u imenilac se stavlja vrednost radne snage (Z) koja predstavlja zarade radnika: V P = Z ili D P = Z No, ovi pokazatelji podložni su dejstvu brojnih eksternih i internih faktora produktivnosti tako da se njima, mada s nedovoljnom dozom poverenja u ispravan rezultat, može iskazati produktivnost kao izraz ekonomije radne snage. Zbog nepouzdanosti ove metode ne bi je trebalo primenjivati kod izrade važnih i preciznih analiza. 411 429
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