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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA POSLOVNE LOGISTIKE SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA U putnikom saobraaju organizacija saobraaja i tehnološkog procesa prevoza zasniva se na segmentaciji tržišta putnikog saobraaja i na novim tehnologijama. Putniki vozovi se razvrstavaju prema brzinama i organizaciji saobraaja vozova: TGV, IC – intersiti vozovi sa ’’sat-takt’’ sistemom saobraanja, koji povezuju sve vee gradove, s polascima svakoga sata u istom minutu, na odstojanjima 200 km do 800 km i s brzinama od minimum 160 km/h na rekonstruisanim prugama i preko 300 km/h na novim prugama, sa stanicama na svakih 100 km udaljenosti ili više; Euro-City, TEE (Trans Europe Express), meunarodni brzi vozovi s velikim brzinama, povezuju evropske metropole na razdaljini do 1600 km; hotel-vozovi s više velikih salona za poslovne svrhe i kolima za spavanje u evropskom nonom saobraaju, s prosenim brzinama od minimum 160 km/h i isti noni vozovi u unutrašnjem saobraaju na veim odstojanjima; putniki auto-vozovi s praenim automobilima na odstojanjima od 500 km do 1200 km; agencijski vozovi; posebni vozovi u nacionalnom i meunarodnom putnikom saobraaju. Tehnologija savremene organizacije putnikog saobraaja proširuje se uvoenjem informacionih sistema u odvijanju saobraaja, rezervaciji mesta automatizacijom procesa na putnikim blagajnama, elektronskom kupovinom karata i sl. 286 304
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU ORGANIZACIJA POSLOVNE LOGISTIKE SAOBRAAJNIH PREDUZEA 3.2.2. ORGANIZACIJA TEHNOLOGIJE U OSTALIM GRANAMA SAOBRAAJA Sve ostale grane saobraaja ’’fleksibilne strukture’’ imaju i odgovarajuu fleksibilnu organizaciju tehnologije saobraaja. Pre svega, tehnike karakteristike saobraajnog puta omoguavaju slobodno kretanje transportnih jedinica u toku odvijanja transportovanja. Transportne jedinice se mogu ukrštati i preticati bez ikakvog posebnog regulisanja. To znai da u robnom saobraaju postoji puna sloboda kretanja vozila na celom prevoznom putu (od utovara do istovara u drumskom saobraaju, od luke do luke u renom i pomorskom i od aerodroma do aerodroma u vazdušnom), bez ikakvih ogranienja, osim u smislu poštovanja uputstava kontrole leta u vazdušnom saobraaju. U putnikom drumskom saobraaju zastajanje autobusa na stanicama vrši se jedino radi ulaska i izlaska putnika, a tako je i u linijskoj plovidbi. Stanice, odnosno luke, nemaju funkciju tehnološkog regulisanja saobraaja transportnih jedinica. Organizacija drumskog saobraaja diferencira se na: kratkolinijski saobraaj; dugolinijski saobraaj; i meunarodni saobraaj. Ovakva podela se vrši iz ekonomskog i pravnog aspekta, a ne iz tehnološkog, jer u samoj tehnologiji odvijanja procesa transporta zapravo ne postoji razlika. Kratkolinijski transport odvija se uglavnom u radijusu do 50 km, a auto-saobraajno preduzee registruje svoje kapacitete u zavisnosti od daljine. Prevoz robe na kratkim relacijama rentabilnije je vršiti kamionima nego železnicom. Zato se ovakvi prevozi ne optereuju visokim taksama i porezima. Dugolinijske prevoze, nasuprot tome, rentabilnije je vršiti železnicom i zato ovakvi prevozi u drumskom saobraaju podležu drugaijim poreskim skalama, kako bi korisnici usluga bili stimulisani da takve prevoze obavljaju železnicom. 287 305
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