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N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI Svi navedeni objekti, koji prugu ine kompletnim funkcionalno sposobnim saobraajnim putem, predstavljaju železniku saobraajnu infrastrukturu i osnovnu komponentu transportnog kapaciteta. U ostalim saobraajnim granama infrastrukturni objekti saobraajnog puta (putevi, luke, aerodromi, razliita postrojenja i pratei objekti...), uvek su se nalazili izvan osnovnih sredstava saobraajnih preduzea tih grana saobraaja. (2) Vuni i prevozni kapaciteti Drugu grupu osnovnih sredstava, kao osnovnih transportnih kapaciteta, ine pokretna transportna sredstva. Kod ove grupe osnovnih sredstava postoji, po razliitim saobraajnim granama, razlika u pogledu formiranja transportnih jedinica. U železnikom saobraaju osnovna transportna jedinica je voz koji sainjavaju: lokomotiva, kao vuni kapacitet i vagoni (putniki ili teretni), kao prevozni kapaciteti. Kapacitet voza kao transportne jedinice formira se na osnovu tehnike strukture lokomotive i vagona. Tehniku strukturu lokomotiva ine: elektrine, dizel i parne (u današnje vreme u upotrebi još samo na posebnim deonicama kao turistika atrakcija), zatim vune i manevarske lokomotive, koje se dalje grupišu prema vunoj snazi i brzinama koje mogu razvijati. Tehnika struktura putnikih vagona razvrstana je prema više kriterija: prema nameni: putnika kola, službena kola, kola za spavanje, kola s ležajevima, vagon-restorani, salonska kola... ; prema kategoriji: kola prvog razreda, kola drugog razreda i A/B kola prvog i drugog razreda; prema broju osovina: dvoosovinska i etvoroosovinska kola; i 324 342
N.V. Kolari MENADŽMENT U SAOBRAAJU KARAKTERISTIKE SAOBRAAJA KAO ORGANIZACIONOG SISTEMA U PRIVREDI prema dozvoljenim brzinama: kola za normalne brzine i kola za velike brzine. Tehnika struktura teretnih vagona odreuje se prema relativno slinim kriterijima: prema nameni: otvorena, zatvorena, plato-nosai kontejnera, cisterne, specijalna kola; prema nosivosti: 5 t, 10 t, 20 t itd.; prema broju osovina: dvo / tro / etvoroosovinska kola. U drumskom saobraaju tehnika struktura prevoznih sredstava posmatra se: prema nameni: za prevoz putnika: autobusi, mini-busevi, putniki automobili...; za prevoz tereta: kamioni s prikolicom i kamioni bez prikolice, kombi dostavna vozila, traktori...; prema kapacitetima: u putnikom saobraaju: prema broju sedišta, u teretnom saobraaju: prema nosivosti i obliku tovarnog prostora. U pomorskom i renom saobraaju transportna sredstva se uglavnom razvrstavaju prema pogonu, bruto registarskoj tonaži i veliini, kao i prema nameni u zavisnosti od toga da li se radi o putnikom ili teretnom saobraaju. 325 343
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knjiga-mendžment u saobraćaju - Visoka turistička škola

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