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Plateau (between 1000 and 1500 metres) contributes to the cold climate. As a result, the growing season is short, and frost can occur at any time of the year at all elevations. The Plateau is also strongly affected by the Coast Mountains rainshadow, which results in very dry conditions, including summer moisture deficits – a significant factor effecting soil and plant productivity. The season of moisture deficit can be from May to September, which includes most of the growing season. The dry conditions also result in frequent wildfires across the landscape of the Plateau. • The Chilcotin Ranges part of the study area also has a dry, continental climate in the rainshadow of the Coast Mountains, but receives more precipitation than the Chilcotin Plateau landscape due to moist, coastal air pushing through the lower mountain passes. Summer moisture deficits are lower and the season of deficit is shorter than in the Chilcotin Plateau. However, the colder temperatures in this area significantly limit plant growth, with similar overall effects as the moisture deficits on the Plateau. The strong climatic gradient that occurs from the moist coastal mountains to the dry Chilcotin Plateau results in a diversity of ecosystems, and plant and animal life. The study area includes some of the coldest and driest forested landscapes in the province. 4.2. Biogeoclimatic (BEC) Zones Steen and Coupe (1997) describe the cold, dry climate of the XGCA in their discussion of biogeoclimatic subzones in the Cariboo Forest Region. The biogeoclimatic classification system groups forests in British Columbia into areas of broadly uniform climate, geology, and biology. The following comments are drawn from the work of Steen and Coupe, as extracted by Hammond and others (2004), and highlight the exceptionally harsh climate of the study area (Figure 3): • The Very Dry Very Cold Engelmann Spruce Subalpine Fir subzone (ESSFxv) has a very cold, very dry climate. Although no climatic data is available, the vegetation indicates that the ESSFxv is probably the driest area of the ESSF zone in British Columbia. Due to relatively low humidity and clear skies, overnight radiation cooling is intense, and frosts occur very frequently during the growing season. • The Very Dry Very Cold Montane Spruce subzone (MSxv) is the coldest and driest Montane Spruce subzone in British Columbia, and is one of the least productive biogeoclimatic units for tree growth. Winters are cold and summers are cool with frequent growing‐season frost. 13
Figure 3: XGCA BEC Zones 14
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file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settin
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SESSION-SPECIFIC COMMENTS & REQUEST
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Attachment A Written Submission for
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Attachment B Written Submission for
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Education Attachment D Dr. Gordon H
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3 Prosperity EA Review. Taseko Mine
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Prosperity Mine Aquatic Impact Asse
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4 • Remain stable and capable of
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something that is proposed and ‘p
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adjacent meadow or lowland areas ar
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Concluding Comments The proposed co
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The following briefing on mine-rela
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Impact of Shift/Rotation Schedule o
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Impact of Shift/Rotation Schedule o
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Boom/Bust Cycle of Mining Industry
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Social Change in Cohesion of Commun
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Social Change in Cohesion of Commun
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Impacts on Culture • Consequences
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Impacts on Community Resources •
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Impacts on Community Resources Incr
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On the Positive Side on Things…
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LITERATURE CITED 1 Heiler, K., Pick
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23 Story, K. and L.C. Hamilton. 200
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AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF THE TERRES
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I. GENERAL APPROACH & OVERVIEW BY M
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A. REVIEW OF PROPOSED TASEKO LAKE/W
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occasionally used for wild horse do
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9 with other direct and indirect mo
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11 grizzly bear mortality that I pr
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13 mortality as a result. I predict
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LITERATURE CITED: 15 Austin, M.A.,
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17 Wakkinen, W.L. and B. Allen-John
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� Forestry-wildlife research �
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� Spirit Bear (Cross-Country Cana
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McCrory, W. 2006. Bear hazard asses
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McCrory, W. 1997a. Preliminary eval
Page 130: 2010 Xeni Gwet’in Community‐bas
Page 133 and 134: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 135 and 136: iii
Page 137 and 138: These longer‐term impacts could w
Page 139 and 140: Adaptation to climate change is typ
Page 141 and 142: 5. Develop a realistic and practica
Page 143 and 144: Conclusions concerning the impact o
Page 145 and 146: Awareness raising and capacity buil
Page 147 and 148: 3.2. Geography The study area is lo
Page 149: The XGCA is a remote, wilderness ar
Page 153 and 154: station closest to the Study Area w
Page 155 and 156: • Overall: Winter weather has got
Page 157 and 158: Source: Theo Mlynowski, UNBC Precip
Page 159 and 160: Figure 7: Comparison of Mean Annual
Page 161 and 162: Gwet’in Territory. It should be n
Page 163 and 164: Glaciers 28 Like snowmelt, glaciers
Page 165 and 166: Table 7: Research studies ongoing i
Page 167 and 168: interation under different scenario
Page 169 and 170: elatively uniform climate are calle
Page 171 and 172: Box 2: The importance of curre nt a
Page 173 and 174: Box 3: Forest Fire Hazard in the XG
Page 175 and 176: will likely be scattered Douglas‐
Page 177 and 178: • Effects of climate change: Kinn
Page 179 and 180: • Whitebark Pine: Of the two tree
Page 181 and 182: This section provides a summary of
Page 183 and 184: Past climate changes and their impa
Page 185 and 186: Projected Climate Changes and Impac
Page 187 and 188: system. They are relatively healthy
Page 189 and 190: 6.2. Health and Safety At present,
Page 191 and 192: The Xeni Gwet’in depend on a vari
Page 193 and 194: obligated to finance these repairs
Page 195 and 196: the ecosystem may experience over t
Page 197 and 198: they traditionally have as well as
Page 199 and 200: • Dam and store water at Abelache
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8.3. Water Supply Protection and Co
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so no further elaboration is requir
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• Re‐introduce fire and allow n
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Biodiversity Protection and Conserv
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Preserve Wild Plants & the Habitats
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Water Supply Protection and Conserv
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Increase Preservation of Wild and C
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Adaptation Objective Develop Nature
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Adaptation Strategies into Local Go
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Ecolibrio (2009). Xeni Gwet’in Co
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Nelitz³, M. and M. Porter. 2009c.
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ANNEXES - BACKGROUND PAPERS (NOTE -
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Stratus Consulting Memorandum (4/16
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