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Climate change will not directly affect community governance but the effects it will have on the land and on community assets could certainly add more stress to governing an already challenging situation. In the short‐term, wild fires could destroy housing and public infrastructure, which could impede the regular activities of government. Long‐term changes due to climate change will be more gradual but they will force more systematic changes to community development. 6.9. Culture The Xeni Gwet’in are the original inhabitants of the XGCA, occupying and using the land for thousands of years. Culturally they regard themselves as people of the Tsilhqot’in Nation, which has a distinct language, a distinct system of meanings and values, a distinct kinship system and a distinct way of life marked by a blend of sub‐arctic, plateau and coastal practices. 86 The Xeni Gwet’in are unusual among First Nation communities in the southern half of BC in retaining almost complete use of their own Chilcotin language and in continuing to hunt, fish and collect berries, roots and medicines from the land much the same way their ancestors did. It is not an accident that the Xeni Gwet’in culture is relatively strong. The community is remote and is not inundated by non‐ Xeni Gwet’in culture. It has its own K‐9 school, wherein the language and the culture are taught. The community makes a real effort to gather together and celebrate its culture at regular times of the year. The children are taught and encouraged to ride and hunt, fish and collect. And the land has remained fairly healthy so hunting, fishing and collecting is relatively easy. Indeed, the strength of the Xeni Gwet’in culture is closely related to the health of the land, since their stories, their diet, their medicines, their seasonal movements and their social gatherings all revolve around a healthy land. Although the Xeni Gwet’in culture is relatively strong, the culture is at risk of declining as the outside world increasingly influences the community through TV, radio, internet and consumer culture and as the youth travel or leave the community for work, education or marriage. Climate change will only stress the traditional culture further, since it will stress the land upon which the Xeni Gwet’in culture is inextricably linked. Salmon and trout fishing, to some extent hunting (moose) and collecting may become more difficult, which may negatively impact traditional food gathering and local self‐sufficiency. Climate change could accelerate a shift that is already occurring away from traditional culture, perhaps to a more agrarian culture, if farming is taken up in a bigger way, or perhaps to a more western rural culture, if store bought foods become the sole food source. There is no way of knowing how the Xeni Gwet’in culture will respond to the climate changes. However, what is guaranteed is that the adaptation choices available to the Xeni Gwet’in will become fewer if the biodiversity and resiliency of the land is compromised by unsustainable development. If the land remains healthy and resilient, it will more easily adapt to the coming climate changes and the same is true for the Xeni Gwet’in traditional culture. 7. The Xeni Gwet’in Vision for Sustainable Development The Xeni Gwet’in see themselves as stewards of the XGCA and envision sustainable development and human activity, grounded in an ecosystem‐based approach to land use. The community intends to continue to be to hunt, trap, fish, and collect for sustenance. They intend to ranch and guide as 86 Argument of Plaintiff, Volume 1. Roger Williams vs the Province of BC. P. 175 59
they traditionally have as well as take a lead role in the administration of their local government and its services. They also intend to be engaged in new activities such as eco‐forestry and value‐ added wood processing,cultural tourism, organic/naturalagriculture and alternative energy development. However, they intend to pursue these opportunities while minimizing impacts on the land and waters, leaving them as much as possible in a self‐sustaining and wild state, so that there continues to be clean water, clean air and abundant fish and wildlife. There may be other opportunities that the community may pursue but development in the XGCA must strengthen the community’s well‐being, its capacity for self‐sufficiency as well as the Xeni Gwet’in people’s capacity to realize their dreams and aspirations. Future development may utilize the best of mainstream technology and practices but it must also respect and conserve traditional values and practices of the Xeni Gwet’in culture. The Xeni Gwet’in welcome the opportunity to work cooperatively with all their neighbours within the XGCA and outside to develop sustainable activities that are consistent with this vision. 8. Xeni Gwet’in Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Adaptation to climate change can occur in many ways. Below are strategies that are based on the WEHAB+ framework used in the Vulnerability Assessment. 8.1. Biodiversity Protection and Conservation The protection and conservation of biodiversity in the XGCA is the foundation for community resiliency in the XGCA. A healthy and resilient ecosystem allows for a healthy and resilient community and therefore a key strategy in the Xeni Gwet’in’s adaptation plan must include the protection and conservation of biodiversity. The following are number of measures recommended by the community and the consultants to protect and conserve the biodiversity of the XGCA. They are divided into general, wildlife & wild horse and wild plant categories. Objective #1. Maintain the XGCA ecosystem(s) intac t • Limit fragmentation of the XGCA area by roads, clearcuts, mines and real estate development (ongoing) • Adopt an ecosystem‐based planning approach to all land use in the XGCA (short‐term) • Prohibit industrial logging and forestry in the area (ongoing) • Limit access to the XGCA wilderness, restricting road, water and air access to designated areas (ongoing access management) • Establish baseline indicator data for biodiversity in the XGCA (short‐term) Objective #2. Conserve Wildlife and Wild Horses in the XGCA • Establish clear protocols for sustainable range management with stakeholders (ongoing) • Integrate natural and prescribed burns into the Wild Fire Protection Plan‐ to restore grassland and mixed forest/grassland ecosystems (short‐term) • Integrate peat preservation into Wild Fire Protection Plan (ensure peat meadow fires are extinguished after wildfires ) (short‐term) 60
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SESSION-SPECIFIC COMMENTS & REQUEST
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Attachment A Written Submission for
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Attachment B Written Submission for
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Education Attachment D Dr. Gordon H
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3 Prosperity EA Review. Taseko Mine
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Prosperity Mine Aquatic Impact Asse
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4 • Remain stable and capable of
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something that is proposed and ‘p
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adjacent meadow or lowland areas ar
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Concluding Comments The proposed co
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The following briefing on mine-rela
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Impact of Shift/Rotation Schedule o
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Impact of Shift/Rotation Schedule o
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Boom/Bust Cycle of Mining Industry
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Social Change in Cohesion of Commun
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Social Change in Cohesion of Commun
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Impacts on Culture • Consequences
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Impacts on Community Resources •
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Impacts on Community Resources Incr
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On the Positive Side on Things…
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LITERATURE CITED 1 Heiler, K., Pick
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23 Story, K. and L.C. Hamilton. 200
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AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF THE TERRES
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I. GENERAL APPROACH & OVERVIEW BY M
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A. REVIEW OF PROPOSED TASEKO LAKE/W
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occasionally used for wild horse do
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9 with other direct and indirect mo
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11 grizzly bear mortality that I pr
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13 mortality as a result. I predict
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LITERATURE CITED: 15 Austin, M.A.,
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17 Wakkinen, W.L. and B. Allen-John
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� Forestry-wildlife research �
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� Spirit Bear (Cross-Country Cana
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McCrory, W. 2006. Bear hazard asses
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McCrory, W. 1997a. Preliminary eval
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2010 Xeni Gwet’in Community‐bas
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS
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iii
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These longer‐term impacts could w
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Adaptation to climate change is typ
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5. Develop a realistic and practica
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Conclusions concerning the impact o
Page 145 and 146: Awareness raising and capacity buil
Page 147 and 148: 3.2. Geography The study area is lo
Page 149 and 150: The XGCA is a remote, wilderness ar
Page 151 and 152: Figure 3: XGCA BEC Zones 14
Page 153 and 154: station closest to the Study Area w
Page 155 and 156: • Overall: Winter weather has got
Page 157 and 158: Source: Theo Mlynowski, UNBC Precip
Page 159 and 160: Figure 7: Comparison of Mean Annual
Page 161 and 162: Gwet’in Territory. It should be n
Page 163 and 164: Glaciers 28 Like snowmelt, glaciers
Page 165 and 166: Table 7: Research studies ongoing i
Page 167 and 168: interation under different scenario
Page 169 and 170: elatively uniform climate are calle
Page 171 and 172: Box 2: The importance of curre nt a
Page 173 and 174: Box 3: Forest Fire Hazard in the XG
Page 175 and 176: will likely be scattered Douglas‐
Page 177 and 178: • Effects of climate change: Kinn
Page 179 and 180: • Whitebark Pine: Of the two tree
Page 181 and 182: This section provides a summary of
Page 183 and 184: Past climate changes and their impa
Page 185 and 186: Projected Climate Changes and Impac
Page 187 and 188: system. They are relatively healthy
Page 189 and 190: 6.2. Health and Safety At present,
Page 191 and 192: The Xeni Gwet’in depend on a vari
Page 193 and 194: obligated to finance these repairs
Page 195: the ecosystem may experience over t
Page 199 and 200: • Dam and store water at Abelache
Page 201 and 202: 8.3. Water Supply Protection and Co
Page 203 and 204: so no further elaboration is requir
Page 205 and 206: • Re‐introduce fire and allow n
Page 207 and 208: Biodiversity Protection and Conserv
Page 209 and 210: Preserve Wild Plants & the Habitats
Page 211 and 212: Water Supply Protection and Conserv
Page 213 and 214: Increase Preservation of Wild and C
Page 215 and 216: Adaptation Objective Develop Nature
Page 217: Adaptation Strategies into Local Go
Page 220 and 221: Ecolibrio (2009). Xeni Gwet’in Co
Page 222 and 223: Nelitz³, M. and M. Porter. 2009c.
Page 224 and 225: ANNEXES - BACKGROUND PAPERS (NOTE -
Page 226 and 227: Stratus Consulting Memorandum (4/16
Page 242: Stratus Consulting Memorandum (4/16
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