The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics - Extra Materials - Springer

312 Linda Marie Randolph
XX and XY cells), the frequency of maternal contamination was estimated at twice this rate, or
0.34%. If in situ hybridization techniques are used on uncultured cells, thus identifying both maternal
and fetal nuclei, the proportion of maternal cell contamination (MCC) increases dramatically, being
present at a level of 20% in half of amniotic fluid specimens. This was found to be strongly associated
with the sampling technique in a survey of 36 amniotic fluid specimens (281). Maternal cell contamination
of less than 20% was seen in 19 specimens in which the placenta was posterior, and in 2 others,
which were bloody specimens in pregnancies with posterior placentas, more than 20% MCC was
seen. In cases in which the placenta was anterior, less than 20% MCC was seen in two cases and more
than 20% was seen in 13 cases. It was thought that the maternal cells were introduced into the amniotic
fluid specimen as a result of placental bleeding during amniocentesis. The authors stated that
molecular cytogenetic analysis, or FISH, should not be performed on uncultured amniotic fluid cells
without preselecting fetal cells. The preselection could consist of simultaneous analysis of the morphology
of the nuclei and of the in situ hybridization findings.
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