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Inhibitor SourceBook™ Second Edition

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Phospholipase <strong>Inhibitor</strong>s<br />

Several signal transduction processes in cells utilize<br />

lipid-derived second messengers. These molecules are<br />

generated by the action of phospholipases on cellular<br />

lipids. Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) hydrolyzes the acyl<br />

group from the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids.<br />

Two major types of PLA 2 are found in cells: the cytosolic<br />

form (cPLA 2 ) and the secretory form (sPLA 2 ). cPLA 2 , an<br />

85 kDa enzyme, preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipids<br />

containing arachidonate at the sn-2 position and<br />

provides free arachidonic acid for the synthesis of<br />

eicosanoids. cPLA 2 is found in a variety of cells where<br />

it acts as a receptor-regulated enzyme that can mediate<br />

agonist-induced arachidonic acid release. It is activated<br />

by low levels of Ca 2+ . sPLA 2 , following its release from<br />

cells, plays an important role in inflammation and in<br />

antimicrobial defense. However, excessive activity of<br />

sPLA 2 has been shown to result in tissue damage and is<br />

linked to organ failure associated with critical illness.<br />

Phospholipase <strong>Inhibitor</strong>s<br />

Calbiochem • <strong>Inhibitor</strong> SourceBook<br />

Lipid Signaling<br />

PLA 2 inhibitors are considered as desirable candidates<br />

for control and management of diseases related to<br />

eicosanoid production, such as allergy, inflammation,<br />

thrombosis, airway secretion, and cell proliferation.<br />

Phospholipase C (PLC) is another important member<br />

of the family that controls the production of inositol-<br />

1,4,5- trisphosphate (IP 3 ). IP 3 is involved in cytosolic<br />

Ca 2+ release and diacylglycerol (DAG) production, both of<br />

which activate protein kinase C. Phospholipase D (PLD)<br />

catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form<br />

phosphatidic acid (PA) and released choline headgroup.<br />

The PA can itself act as a signal molecule by activating a<br />

PA-activated kinase, or can be hydrolyzed to form DAG<br />

by the action of PA phosphohydrolase.<br />

Product Cat. No. Comments Size Price<br />

AACOCF 3 100109 (Arachidonyltrifluoromethyl Ketone)<br />

A cell-permeable trifluoromethyl ketone analog of arachidonic acid. Potent<br />

and selective slow-binding inhibitor of human cytosolic (85 kDa) PLA 2 . Causes<br />

a significant reduction in thromboxane B 2 production in thrombin-stimulated<br />

platelets.<br />

ACA 104550 [N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic Acid]<br />

Inhibits epinephrine-stimulated thromboxane production (86% at 3.5 mM) via<br />

inhibition of PLA 2 in human platelets. Possesses moderate leukotriene antagonist<br />

activity.<br />

Aristolochic Acid 182300 A : mixture of aristolochic acids I and II. Inhibits PLA 2 from various snake<br />

venoms as well as human platelet and synovial fluid PLA 2 . Also inhibits<br />

ionophore-stimulated PLA 2 activity (IC 50 = 40 mM) and Ca 2+ -dependent<br />

arachidonic acid released in human neutrophils. Exhibits greater inhibitory<br />

activity towards group II PLA 2 versus group I PLA 2 .<br />

D609, Potassium Salt 251400 (Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate, K)<br />

Selective inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (Bacillus<br />

cereus, K i = 5– 0 mM). Does not inhibit (up to 50 mM) phosphatidylinositolspecific<br />

phospholipase C, PLA 2 , and PLD. Also inhibits the activity of<br />

sphingomyelinase.<br />

D609 Prodrug 251401 (S-Methyleneoxybutyryl D609)<br />

A cell-permeable prodrug form of D609 (Cat. No. 25 400) that displays reduced<br />

cytotoxicity towards normal cells, but enhanced potency in inducing apoptosis in<br />

tumor cells (LD 50 = 56.6 mM for U937 cells).<br />

ET- 8-OCH 3 341207 (Edelfosine; 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine)<br />

A selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (IC 50 = 5 mM) but has<br />

no significant effect on phosphatidylcholine-specific PLC or PLD.<br />

Isotetrandrine 419650 A biscoclaurine alkaloid that inhibits G-protein activation of phospholipase A 2<br />

but not phospholipase C or phospholipase D.<br />

Methyl Arachidonyl<br />

Fluorophosphonate<br />

More online... www.calbiochem.com/inhibitors/plipase<br />

454565 (MAFP)<br />

A selective, active site-directed, irreversible inhibitor of both calcium-dependent<br />

and calcium-independent cytosolic (85 kDa) PLA 2 , but not secretory PLA 2 .<br />

0 mg $87<br />

25 mg $84<br />

50 mg $50<br />

5 mg $ 07<br />

5 mg $ 63<br />

5 mg $80<br />

mg $77<br />

mg $77<br />

Technical Support<br />

Phone 800 628 8470<br />

E-mail calbiochem@emdbiosciences.com<br />

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