The_Complete_Idiot%27s_Guide_To_Music_Theory

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310 The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Music Theory, Second Edition song parts, 146-147 tempo, 78-80 transcribing, 156, 164 music notation software, 252 Music Notes Music Theory website, 264 Music Theory Web website, 264 musical instrument digital interface. See MIDI, 253 Musictheory.net website, 264 N names, tones alphabet method, 8 piano keyboard, 9 staff, 9-11 Nashville Number System, 243 natural minor scale, 31-33 natural sign, 18 navigation techniques (songs), 83-87 Coda sign, 85 measure repeat sign, 85 multiple-measure rest sign, 86-87 note repeat, 85-86 repeating sections, 84 Segno sign, 84-85 neighboring tones, 96 New World Symphony chord progression, 140 melodic techniques, 92-93 ninth chords, 119-120 notation techniques arpeggiated chords, 219 augmented chords, 115 diminished chords, 115 glissandos, 219 grace notes, 217-218 lyrics, 220-221 major chords, 113 major seventh chords, 117 minor chords, 114 minor seventh chords, 118 music notation software, 252 phrases, 216 slurs, 216 staccato mark, 217 swing, 219-220 tenuto mark, 217 ties, 215-216 trills, 218 turns, 218 writing music, 241-242 noteheads, 60 notes accented, 82-83 accidentals, 18 chords. See chords combinations to avoid big leaps, 198-199 dissonant intervals, 199 parallel movements, 198 counting, 62 eighth, 69 enharmonic, 18 flags, 61 half, 71-72 holding notes (fermata), 80-81 key. See key natural signs, 18 notation techniques 8va notation, 232 arpeggiated chords, 219 glissandos, 219 grace notes, 217-218 phrases, 216 slurs, 216 staccato mark, 217 swings, 219-220 tenuto mark, 217 ties, 215-216 trills, 218 turns, 218 noteheads, 60 outside the key notes (accidentals), 51-52 pentatonic scales, 99 piano keyboards, 9 quarter, 68-69 repeat notation, 85-86 rests, 62-63 scales chromatic, 28 diatonic, 31 leading notes, 34 major, 28-30 minor, 31-37 modes, 38-43 overview, 27-28 staffs clefs, 11-14 naming tones, 9-11 swapping (harmony), 192 transposing, 177-178 values, 58-63 dotted, 63 eighth, 61 half, 59-60 quarter, 60 sixteenth, 61 thirty-second, 61 tied, 64 triplets, 64 whole, 59 numbers degrees of the scale, 19-25 augmented intervals, 22 compound intervals, 23 diminished intervals, 22 half steps, 23-25 major and minor intervals, 21 perfect intervals, 21 tones, 6-7 O octave clefs, 14 online resources, 263 operas, 150 operettas, 150 oratorios, 150 orchestra scores, 252 orchestration, 238 oscilloscopes, 5 out chorus, 147 outside the key notes (accidentals), 51-52 P Pachelbel, Johann, Canon in D chord progression, 140 melodic techniques, 95 parallel movements, avoiding, 198 parts of a song bridge, 147 chorus, 146 endings, 147 instrumental solos, 147 introductions, 146 verse, 146 pentatonic scales, 99 percussion instrumental arrangements, 229-230 ranges, 237 percussion clefs, 14 perdendosi (dynamic marking), 83 perfect intervals, 21 perfect pitch, 6, 159
performing music, conducting 2/2 time, 260 4/4 time, 259-260 in three, 260-261 practicing, 261-262 preparations, 257-258 rehearsal routines, 258 setting the tempo, 261 phrase-ending chord progression (cadence) imperfect cadences, 133-134 interrupted cadences, 134 plagal cadences, 133 V-I progression, 133 phrases, notation techniques, 216 Phrygian mode, 40 pianissimo (dynamic marking), 81 pianississimo (dynamic marking), 81 piano (dynamic marking), 81 pianos accompaniment, 174-175 keyboards, naming tones, 9 pitch. See also tone concert, 178 contour melodies, 101 defining characteristics, 4 fundamentals 21 harmonics, 21 hearing, 158 high-pitched tones, 4 home pitch, 97-98 intervals degrees of the scale, 19-25 half steps, 18-19 Mod-12 system, 24 sharps and flats, 17-18 low-pitched tones, 4 naming tones, 8-11 numbering tones, 6-7 perfect pitch, 6, 159 pitch memory, 158 scales, 6 scientific pitch notation, 9 tuning forks, 6 unpitched instruments, 4 plagal cadences, 133 plainsongs, 150 play-through, rehearsal routine, 258 power chords, 122 prestissimo tempo, 79 presto tempo, 79 programme music, 150 progressions (chord progressions) blues progression, 138 chord leading, 131-133 chord substitutions, 206-209 common progressions circle of fifths, 137 I-ii-IV, 136 I-ii-IV-V, 136 I-IV, 134 I-IV-V, 135 I-IV-V-IV, 135 I-V, 134-135 I-V-vi-IV, 135 I-vi-ii-V, 136 I-vi-ii-V7-ii, 136 I-vi-IV-V, 136 ii-V-I, 137 IV-I-IV-V, 137 creating, 130 exercises, 143 extensions, 203-204 hearing, 163-164 melodies, 106-107, 138-141 Canon in D, 140 “Mary Had a Little Lamb,” 141 “Michael, Row the Boat Ashore,” 139 Minuet in G, 139-140 New World Symphony, 140 phrase-ending chord progression (cadence) imperfect cadence, 133-134 interrupted cadence, 134 plagal cadence, 133 V-I progression, 133 returning to the I chord, 130-131 scale-based chords, 127-130 writing tips, 141-142 Q–R quarter notes, 60, 68-69 rallentando, 80 ranges instrumental arrangements, 232, 236 melodies, 102 vocal arrangements, 226-227 Index 311 rehearsal routine play-through, 258 setup, 258 tuneup, 258 warmup, 258 repeat marks, 84 repetition measures, 85 melodies, 106 notes, 85-86 sections, 84 resources books, 263 ear training, 156 melodies, 108-109 online, 263 rests multiple-measure rest sign, 86-87 resting notes, 62-63 rhythmic accompaniment, 171-173 rhythms 4/4 time, 57 counting notes, 62 hearing, 162 measures, 58 melodies, 91-92, 103-104 note values, 58-64 dotted, 63 eighth, 61 half, 59-60 quarter, 60 rest, 62-63 sixteenth, 61 thirty-second, 61 tied, 64 triplets, 64 whole, 59 rhythmic memory, 162 syncopated, 103 ritardando, 80 ritenuto, 80 root inversions, 122 scales (musical scale) chromatic, 28 creating memorable melodies, 98-99 degrees of the scale, 19-25 augmented, 22 compound, 23 S
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Music Theory Second Edition by Mich
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Contents at a Glance Part 1: Tones
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Contents Part 1: Tones 1 1 Pitches
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Finding Your Way ..................
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Instrumental Solo .................
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Good Keys and Bad Keys ............
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During the summer of 2001, I taught
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xvi The Complete Idiot’s Guide to
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xviii The Complete Idiot’s Guide
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xx The Complete Idiot’s Guide to
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xxii The Complete Idiot’s Guide t
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Pitches and Clefs In This Chapter
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Some instruments produce a broader
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If you’re reading ahead and want
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Notes on a Piano Keyboard A good wa
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Above—and Below—the Staff The b
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The grand staff looks like this: Th
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Exercises Exercise 1-1 Write the na
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Intervals In This Chapter ◆ Chang
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Two half steps equal one whole step
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Major and Minor Intervals When you
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Beyond the Octave You don’t have
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And take special note of those inte
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Scales In This Chapter ◆ Putting
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The Intervals of the Major Scale No
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Tip When you’re playing a piece o
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Scale Notes D minor D-sharp minor E
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Scale Notes E minor F minor F-sharp
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Scale Notes F minor F-sharp minor G
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The Intervals of the Ionian Note Ha
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F Lydian mode is relative to the ke
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B Locrian is relative to the key of
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Major and Minor Keys In This Chapte
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Key Key Signature and Scale D Major
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Same as This Scale Notes Major Key
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Accidents Will Happen When you assi
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How to change to the key of C. The
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2 Part Rhythms You don’t have to
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58 Part 2: Rhythms Taking the Measu
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60 Part 2: Rhythms Definition A not
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62 Part 2: Rhythms How to count var
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64 Part 2: Rhythms Tip Another way
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66 Part 2: Rhythms Exercise 5-4 Wri
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68 Part 2: Rhythms Note Classical m
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70 Part 2: Rhythms When you have an
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72 Part 2: Rhythms Tip In most musi
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74 Part 2: Rhythms Exercises Exerci
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Tempo, Dynamics, and Navigation In
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Italian Tempo Terms Tempo Means …
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When you see a fermata, hold the no
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Two accent marks and a marcato. Mor
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Another navigation technique uses a
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writing lots of individual measures
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3 Part Tunes Discover how to put to
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92 Part 3: Tunes The complete melod
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94 Part 3: Tunes The melody for Bac
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96 Part 3: Tunes Definition A passi
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98 Part 3: Tunes A four-measure mel
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100 Part 3: Tunes A simple four-not
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102 Part 3: Tunes Note Ironically,
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104 Part 3: Tunes Simplifying a rhy
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106 Part 3: Tunes You can achieve t
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108 Part 3: Tunes Note See Chapter
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110 Part 3: Tunes Exercise 8-3 Comp
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112 Part 3: Tunes Note The notes of
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114 Part 3: Tunes Note In this and
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116 Part 3: Tunes Chord Extensions
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118 Part 3: Tunes Minor seventh cho
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120 Part 3: Tunes Seventh, ninth, a
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122 Part 3: Tunes Note In classical
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124 Part 3: Tunes Changing chords i
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126 Part 3: Tunes Exercise 9-3 Writ
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128 Part 3: Tunes Let’s use the k
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130 Part 3: Tunes Note These exampl
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132 Part 3: Tunes Let’s put toget
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134 Part 3: Tunes Note In classical
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136 Part 3: Tunes I-ii-IV-V This pr
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138 Part 3: Tunes Note The blues pr
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140 Part 3: Tunes Old Johann was ab
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142 Part 3: Tunes Writing a Melody
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144 Part 3: Tunes Exercise 10-5 Cre
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146 Part 3: Tunes Parts of a Song W
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148 Part 3: Tunes Tip When you have
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150 Part 3: Tunes ◆ Mass A vocal
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152 Part 3: Tunes Exercises Exercis
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12 Chapter Transcribing What You He
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Listening—Actively Before we get
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Hearing Intervals Lesson 2, Track 1
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Interval Song-Specific Phrase Major
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many measures long the melody is, a
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Exercises Exercise 12-1 Play each o
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Accompanying Melodies In This Chapt
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A chord sheet—no melody. Working
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Block Chord Accompaniment The easie
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The benefit of this approach is tha
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Once you’ve figured out the chord
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14 Chapter Transposing to Other Key
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These scenarios are more common tha
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The chord progression transposed to
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or hold to their original pitches.
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5 Part Embellishing Discover how to
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188 Part 5: Embellishing Note This
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190 Part 5: Embellishing A common c
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192 Part 5: Embellishing Making Har
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194 Part 5: Embellishing Definition
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196 Part 5: Embellishing The lower
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198 Part 5: Embellishing Avoid exte
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200 Exercises Part 5: Embellishing
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Chord Substitutions and Turnarounds
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Altering the Bass Here’s another
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Replacing the I chord (C Major) wit
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Substitution Example (for the G7 ch
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Turnaround Example (in C) I-♭III-
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Exercise 16-6 Add a two-measure tur
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216 Part 5: Embellishing Definition
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218 Part 5: Embellishing Tip If you
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220 Part 5: Embellishing What’s c
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222 Part 5: Embellishing Exercise 1
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18 Chapter Composing and Arranging
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Voice Range (Concert Pitch) Write I
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Brass Brass instruments typically a
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Transposition Range Sounds Instrume
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listed (they’re grouped by family
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Instrument Range (Concert Pitch) Wr
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Instrument Range (Concert Pitch) Wr
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Exercises Chapter 18: Composing and
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Lead Sheets and Scores In This Chap
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Make It Simple Even simpler than th
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A typical chord sheet. Chapter 19:
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A four-part choral arrangement. Jaz
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A score for big band. Note A marchi
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A score for full orchestra. Chapter
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Today, thanks to computer technolog
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The Least You Need to Know ◆ Lead
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Performing Your Music In This Chapt
Page 283 and 284: That means you need to know a littl
Page 285 and 286: 3 1 Conducting in three. Finding th
Page 287 and 288: Just because you’re done with thi
Page 289 and 290: The Complete Idiot’s Music Glossa
Page 291 and 292: The Complete Idiot’s Music Glossa
Page 293 and 294: key A combination of a tonic and a
Page 295 and 296: pitch The highness or lowness of a
Page 297: transposition Translating pitch. tr
Page 300 and 301: 276 Appendix B
Page 303 and 304: Answers to Chapter Exercises Here a
Page 305 and 306: Exercise 2-3 Exercise 2-4 Exercise
Page 307 and 308: Chapter 4 Answers to Chapter Exerci
Page 309 and 310: Exercise 5-7 Exercise 5-8 Chapter 6
Page 311 and 312: Exercise 9-7 Exercise 9-8 Chapter 1
Page 313 and 314: Exercise 14-2 Exercise 14-3 Exercis
Page 315: Exercise 17-7 Chapter 18 Exercise 1
Page 318 and 319: 294 Appendix D 11. Lesson Two: Inte
Page 320 and 321: 296 Appendix D 31. A 32. C 33. G 34
Page 322 and 323: 298 Appendix D Scale Exercises (Tra
Page 324 and 325: 300 Appendix D Melody Exercises (Tr
Page 326 and 327: 302 Appendix D Chord Exercises (Tra
Page 329 and 330: Index Symbols/Numbers I chord, 130-
Page 331 and 332: preparations, 257-258 rehearsal rou
Page 333: Lydian mode, 40-41 lyrics melodies,
Page 337 and 338: tacet (dynamic marking), 83 tempo,
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