MCWP 3-16.1 Artillery Operations.pdf - Marine Corps Community ...

Artillery Operations _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9-5
Table 9-1. Environmental Impacts on CSS
.
Environmental
Factors Supply Maintenance Transportation
Urbanized Terrain Land lines of
communications can
be impeded
Arctic/Cold
Weather
Maintenance areas
available
Existing supplies available Reduces maintenance due
to fewer displacements
Increases expenditure of
Class V (delay, VT fuzes)
Land lines of
communications are few
and extended
Reduces ammunition-
carrying capacity
Increases use
of batteries
Reduces effects of
ammunition in snow
Increases effects of
ammunition on ice
Sustainment of
Class I difficult
Requires supplementary
rations
Limited potable water
Requires transport of ice
blocks
Prepositioning and
storage of materiel is key
to sustainment
Desert Extended land lines of
communications
Increases use of Class V
(smoke, suppression,
countermechanized fires)
Increases use of Class III
(POL, tires, coolant,
cleaning materials)
Increases use of
Class IX (electrical,
accessories for coolant
system, wheel and
sprocket nuts,
wedge bolts)
Increases water and
battery requirements
Increases maintenance
time
Requires frequent, regular
warm-up of engines,
radios, and batteries
Maintenance areas critical
and limited
Requires daily tire
pressure checks to
prevent flat tires and
flat spots
Requires periodic
relocation of vehicles to
avoid flat spots
General
Engineering
Reduces movement Existing utilities
available
Increases use of MHE due
to dispersion of battery
positions
Requires clearance
of rubble
Requires fortification
of positions
Restricts ground mobility Increases use of
hardened positions
Increases transportation
needs due to battlefield size
Requires special cross
country ability (snowplow or
snowshoes)
Materiels handling
difficult
Construction of
barriers difficult in
frozen ground
Navigation difficult Requires explosives
to loosen ice and dirt
Fuel handling dangerous
May require use of chains
for wheeled vehicles
Affects equipment Wheeled vehicle
movement difficult with
heavy loads (Class V,
howitzers)
Increases PM Increased mechanized/
motorized operation
requires frequent
displacement
Increases on-site
maintenance and repair to
reduce evacuation
Navigation difficult
Poor roads
Restricts movement to
mission-essential
loads only
Increases use of
hardened positions
Requires obstacles
clearing
Health
Services
Existing facilities
available
Affects personnel
Increases food intake
Sanitation difficult
Decreases personnel
tolerance to heat and
disease
Evacuation difficult
Sanitation difficult