MCWP 3-16.1 Artillery Operations.pdf - Marine Corps Community ...

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Artillery Operations ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5-11 less vulnerable to threat attack. For short periods, a control cell (S-3, S-2, and essential equipment) may be required to extend the battalion’s capability to maintain control. Firing Positions Outside the Perimeter A battery may also prepare firing positions outside its perimeter. The battery occupies the supplementary firing position with only the necessary personnel, equipment, and supplies for a specific mission; e.g. limited artillery raid, registration to the rear or offset registration. Following the mission, the battery or those elements conducting the mission return to their primary position. This technique can extend the range of the battery and reduce the threat’s counterfire effectiveness. C2, CSS, and security are simplified since the elements of the battalion are usually together. However, the battalion’s ability to deliver massed or sustained fire may be degraded when units are not outside the battalion position conducting other missions. Additional positions and routes, time, survey, and communications are required. The vulnerability of the battery while displacing must be considered. Battery Positioning Like battalion PAs, battery PAs are general in nature. Battery commanders reconnoiter their assigned PAs as part of the battalion commander’s party or they may plan and execute their reconnaissance. When required, the battalion may assign a battery a position to occupy. In contrast to the battalion PA, the battery position is the specific location occupied or to be occupied by the battery; i.e., grid coordinates. This may occur when the battalion desires to positively control the positioning of artillery. Several factors affect selecting battery PAs as follows. Control and Coordination Disposition of the battalion on the ground will affect its overall capability to meet its fire support requirements and its survivability. Supported Unit’s Mission and Plans Battery PAs should not interfere with other troops or installations. For example, in a movement to contact, areas should be positioned near roads to allow artillery to keep up with the fluidity and speed of the battle. Firing Capability Battery positions should be mutually supporting with at least 3,000 meters overlap in their firing capability fans. Other considerations include gun-target line, firing range, and capability to mass. Positioning that requires a battery to fire directly overhead of another battery should be avoided. Threat Capability Positioning will be influenced by the threat’s capability and means to detect and attack artillery. Table 5-1 contains battery positioning techniques that correspond to threat types. Additional Positioning Considerations Terrain Table 5-1. Battle Positioning. Threat Battery Positioning Radio direction-finding Laterally to degrade this capability. Counterfire Minimum of 1,000 meters apart. NBC To minimize the effects and exposure to these weapons. Air Randomly and dispersed. Ground To take advantage of existing security of other units; for mutual support; outside range of threat long-range direct fire weapons. Terrain can limit availability of suitable firing positions as well as minimize detection and vulnerability to the threat’s attack. A position can be selected against an embankment to afford
5-12 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-16.1 protection from air attack; a battery can be placed in a PA that has restricted armored vehicle access. Combat Service Support Artillery PAs should be road-accessible. Communications Communications within the battalion, as well as with the supported unit, should be considered when selecting PAs. When possible, the capability for wire communications should be made available. Radar When feasible, a radar should be positioned near one of the firing batteries to ease security and support. Generally, radars are positioned at least 1,000 meters from another unit to avoid increasing the vulnerability of the unit by the radar signal and vice versa. Battalion Headquarters Echelons The battalion headquarters echelons are located to allow effective C2 of the firing batteries and, at the same time, communications with the supported/ reinforced unit. The battalion commander is located where he can best command the battalion. The COC of the echelon where the commander is located is designated the battalion CP. Main Echelon The battalion commander selects the general PA for the battalion’s main echelon, with the S-3’s recommendation. Selection is made by map reconnaissance or, when possible, ground and/or air reconnaissance. This positioning is influenced by the positions of the firing batteries and the supported unit headquarters. The headquarters battery commander conducts a reconnaissance to determine the specific position of the main echelon and the location of the COC within that position. During displacement, main echelon personnel, vehicles, and equipment moving to and occupying the new position are temporarily designated the FWD echelon until control of operations has been assumed from the main echelon. Rear Echelon The S-3 selects the general PA for the rear echelon, RRPs, etc., based on the S-4’s recommendation. The S-4, or his designated representative, conducts a reconnaissance to determine the specific position for the rear echelon.
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Artillery Operations U.S. Marine Co
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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Headquarters
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Mission of Marine Artillery CHAPTER
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Mission CHAPTER 2 REGIMENT OPERATIO
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CHAPTER 10 DEVELOPING THE ARTILLERY
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APPENDIX D REPORTS Title: Fire Capa
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APPENDIX E LOGISTICS PLANNING DATA
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General Heliborne artillery raids r
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Joint Publications (JPs) APPENDIX H
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Joint Publications (JPs) APPENDIX H
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