A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

Recommendations

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crop farming, should be maintained/restored as open, native, herbaceous vegetation. Efforts have been made to establish plantings of eastern gamma grass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.) in some formerly row-cropped areas within the floodplain levee. They now are maintained with an open aspect. One presumed advantage of this change in land use was to reduce parasitism by Brown-headed cowbirds on songbird nests (cowbirds forage in cropland and proximity of such areas is related to cowbird parasitism rates in forest birds). It should be noted that much of the Missouri River floodplain on FLMR probably is federal jurisdictional wetland as defined in the Clean Water Act. Depending on their nature, some landuse changes associated with restoration work in the floodplain might require consultation with and approval from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, these actions generally are viewed favorably by the agency during the review process. Recommendation 6. Tallgrass prairie remnants on the uplands of FLMR should be actively managed to preserve native biodiversity. If no management is implemented, woody vegetation will continue to encroach and eventually will eliminate the native herbaceous species. Five small (
these areas would enhance the prairie habitat. The entire “prairie corridor” along the horse trail north of the National Cemetery could be expanded gradually by removing trees and shrubs and allowing recovery of prairie vegetation that exists in the understory at the edge of the forest. Recommendation 7. Buffer areas should be established where possible to insulate highquality natural areas from future anthropogenic disturbances. Such areas also may be restored to support natural communities and species that historically were more widespread but which have been eliminated due to human activities. All areas and activities at FLMR are potentially important in preserving native biodiversity. For example, even degraded natural areas can be extremely important in conserving local biodiversity by serving as buffer areas and connectors for high-quality sites. Lower quality sites also may have restoration potential. Thus, even though most degraded prairies, forests, and wetlands are not discussed herein, they are vital components of the biodiversity of FLMR, and integral elements of plans to preserve and enhance the natural environment. There are several concerns that might be addressed using buffer areas (e.g., slowing invasion by exotic plants and reduction of songbird nest predators and parasites). Recommendation 8. Fragmentation of native habitats on FLMR must be minimized. Activities such as road construction, development of utility corridors, and other land use changes that divide native habitats into smaller pieces, would degrade native biodiversity at FLMR. Habitat fragmentation occurs when landscapes and habitats are broken into smaller pieces. The fragmentation and isolation of natural habitats are hallmark effects of expanding humandominated landscapes. Examples of common activities causing habitat fragmentation, and loss of native biodiversity, include road construction, utility corridors, and land use changes (e.g., logging, cultivation, and grazing). Patterns of human-induced fragmentation are strongly influenced by culture, economics, politics, social conventions, and aesthetic preferences (Nassauer 1995). In the resulting patchwork, natural areas often are surrounded by humaninfluenced environments that may harbor invasive species, generalist predators, and ecological processes that can degrade natural areas. Other effects of habitat fragmentation that have been well documented include increased edge effects, disrupted species dispersal, reduced biodiversity, and changes in natural disturbance regimes. Major efforts should be made at FLMR to limit further fragmentation of contiguous blocks of native habitat, mainly the upland and bottomland forests. The unique nature of the floodplain forest on a regional scale makes management to prevent fragmentation a priority. Road construction, timber harvest, and other activities that create artificial disturbance corridors into natural areas should be eliminated. These corridors can act as pathways for biological invasion by unwanted species. At the same time efforts to limit edge effects and buffer these areas with low intensity land uses should be encouraged. Recommendation 9. Monitor and control exotic plants that pose a threat to native biodiversity at FLMR. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 115
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
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east toward the Missouri River. Two
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Agriculture figures (1874), there w
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examined the status and ecological
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
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TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
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TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
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green ash seedlings, and silver map
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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ounding. Genus Species Common Name
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Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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annuals initially. Eventually, herb
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TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
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September. On 8 September, four tra
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warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
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TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
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Recommendations. The lack of suitab
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suggests that practices that degrad
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1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 81 and 82: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91 and 92: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
Page 95 and 96: limestone derivation. After the 200
Page 97 and 98: ock outcrops; it is often found wit
Page 99 and 100: hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
Page 101 and 102: Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
Page 103 and 104: epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
Page 121 and 122: with other considerations, includin
Page 123: existing natural areas information.
Page 127 and 128: Other trails and paths on the insta
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
Page 131 and 132: While FLMR supports a diverse flora
Page 133 and 134: Sorghum halepense, previously repor
Page 135 and 136: Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
Page 137 and 138: Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
Page 139 and 140: Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
Page 141 and 142: APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
Page 143 and 144: The GPS reading is the SE corner of
Page 145 and 146: APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
Page 147 and 148: ORDER Species Common Name Presence
Page 157 and 158: Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
Page 159 and 160: Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
Page 161 and 162: Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
Page 163 and 164: [Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
Page 165 and 166: Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
Page 167 and 168: Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
Page 169 and 170: Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
Page 171 and 172: Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
Page 173 and 174: 56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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