silverband shiner, Notropis shumardi (Girard); and western silvery minnow, Hybognathus argyritis (Girard). Several state threatened and endangered species not found during this study still may occur on FLMR because <strong>the</strong>re is suitable habitat. They include: eastern spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius (Raf.); redbelly snake, Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer); and smooth earth snake, Virginia valeriae (Baird & Girard). All suitable woodland habitats in Leavenworth County are designated as critical habitat for <strong>the</strong> redbelly snake and <strong>the</strong> smooth earth snake. State-rare animals with no protection status documented on FLMR were <strong>the</strong> broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus (Vieillot), Cooper’s hawk, Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte), great egret, Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus), and ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus (Linnaeus). Of 428 species <strong>of</strong> vertebrates considered potentially to occur on <strong>the</strong> installation, 292 species (68%) have been confirmed since 1995. The bird and mammal faunas <strong>of</strong> FLMR are <strong>the</strong> best documented. The level <strong>of</strong> understanding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reptile and amphibian fauna on <strong>the</strong> installation is intermediate, with fishes being <strong>the</strong> most poorly studied vertebrate group. No populations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> federal-listed plant species Asclepias meadii, Platan<strong>the</strong>ra praeclara, or Trifolium stoloniferum were observed. However, nine <strong>of</strong> 11 state-rare vascular plant taxa documented by Freeman et al. (1997) were confirmed as persisting. These were Aster lateriflorus, Brachyelytrum erectum, Bromus nottowayanus, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, Osmorhiza claytonii, Packera glabella, Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus, Stachys pilosa var. arenicola, and Uvularia grandiflora. Populations <strong>of</strong> Blephilia hirsuta and Lithospermum latifolium were not relocated during <strong>the</strong> 2003 field season, but <strong>the</strong>se may persist. In addition, Carex radiata, Carex rosea, and Lipocarpha micrantha, three state-rare taxa reported by Freeman et al. (1997) as occurring on FLMR but not included among <strong>the</strong> state-rare species discussed by those authors were confirmed as persisting on <strong>the</strong> installation, and seven state-rare taxa were documented as occurring <strong>the</strong>re for <strong>the</strong> first time. These were Carex crus-corvi, Carex hirtifolia, Carex hitchcockiana, Carex normalis, Carex tribuloides var. sangamonensis, Hypericum ascyron, and Rubus alumnus. Plant surveys <strong>of</strong> more than 17 sites yielded 267 specimens <strong>of</strong> vascular plants and bryophytes. Among <strong>the</strong>se were voucher specimens representing 5 families, 13 genera, 52 species, and 55 taxa <strong>of</strong> vascular plants and bryophytes previously undocumented on FLMR, making a total <strong>of</strong> 103 families, 325 genera, 585 species, and 591 taxa <strong>of</strong> vascular plants and 18 families, 32 genera, 43 species <strong>of</strong> bryophytes confirmed on FLMR. Overall, <strong>the</strong> provenance for, longevity <strong>of</strong>, and habitat regularly occupied by taxa reported from FLMR have changed little between 1995–1996 and 2003. The frequency <strong>of</strong> certain exotic taxa on <strong>the</strong> installation indicates that several species, including Berberis thunbergii, Elaeagnus umbellata, and Ligustrum obtusifolium, cited by Freeman et al. (1997) as adventive, are better considered naturalized in <strong>the</strong> area. Moreover, some exotic taxa, such as Alliaria petiolata, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lonicera maackii, and Rosa multiflora, previously reported as rare, are now common, while o<strong>the</strong>rs, such as Phalaris arundinacea and NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 122
Sorghum halepense, previously reported as common, are now abundant in certain habitats on FLMR. Three exotic taxa, Cyperus fuscus, Euonymus alatus, and Rhodotypos scandens, were documented for <strong>the</strong> first time in <strong>Kansas</strong>. It is unlikely that any one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se species will exhibit a significant, negative ecological impact on natural communities in <strong>the</strong> state. Based on <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> this and previous studies, 17 recommendations are made to help maintain and enhance <strong>the</strong> biodiversity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> installation. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are updates <strong>of</strong> those proposed by Freeman et al. (1997). The recommendations fall into one <strong>of</strong> three general categories: land management, education/promotion, and future studies. Land management recommendations include those that could be implemented quickly and relatively inexpensively to those that will require considerable allocation <strong>of</strong> resources and extensive coordination. Efforts to enhance recreational and educational opportunities on FLMR can take several forms. Improving <strong>the</strong> public’s knowledge, understanding, and appreciation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment at <strong>the</strong> site is strongly encouraged. Several recommendations will help fill gaps in our knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment at FLMR and would provide information valuable to natural resource managers. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 123
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
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east toward the Missouri River. Two
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Agriculture figures (1874), there w
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examined the status and ecological
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
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TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
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TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
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green ash seedlings, and silver map
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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ounding. Genus Species Common Name
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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annuals initially. Eventually, herb
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TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
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September. On 8 September, four tra
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warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
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TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
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Recommendations. The lack of suitab
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suggests that practices that degrad
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1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
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FLMR is the only site in northeast
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A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
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Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
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(68%) have been confirmed since 199
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an