A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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SINC list receive no legal protection from habitat impacts under the Kansas Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act, but they are rare or threatened enough to be monitored by KDWP. In addition, KDWP may offer suggestions about how projects can proceed while minimizing impacts to SINCs. Previous studies (Freeman et al. 1997) suggested that the white-faced ibis, a state-listed bird, may make infrequent, brief stops at FLMR during migration. Three SINCs also infrequently may use habitat on the installation: black tern, blue sucker, and red-shouldered hawk. The eastern chipmunk, a SINC, is a resident, and three neotropical migratory SINC birds breed on the installation: cerulean warbler, yellow-throated warbler, and whip-poor-will. One population each of 11 state-rare plants were documented on FLMR (Freeman et al. 1997): white woodland aster, hairy wood-mint, upright shorthusk, Nottoway brome, notchbract waterleaf, American gromwell, hairy sweet-cicely, eastern hooked buttercup, floodplain ragwort, marsh hedge-nettle, and large-flowered bellwort. State-rare animals with no protection status documented on FLMR during that study were broad-winged hawk, Cooper’s hawk, great egret, and ovenbird (Freeman et al. 1997). 1.6. PREVIOUS STUDIES The purchase of the Louisiana Territory by the United States from France in 1803 ushered in an exciting period of scientific exploration and study in the American West. Some of the 19th century’s most prominent natural historians and explorers passed through Ft. Leavenworth in the early 1800s, but few recorded their observations of the area. Among the first written records concerning the flora and fauna of the Ft. Leavenworth environs were those made by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their famous expedition to look for a route to the Pacific Ocean in 1804-1806. On 2 July 1804, on their way upstream, they stopped in the vicinity of present-day Leavenworth. From a vantage point, Clark wrote, “The plains of this countrey are covered with a Leek green Grass...Groops of Shrubs covered with the most delecious froot is to be seen in every derection and have exerted herself to butify the senery by the variety of flours...which strikes & profumes the Sensation.” (Cuttright 1969). On 14 September 1806, on their return trip, they collected the last botanical specimen of the expedition in the vicinity of Leavenworth; a specimen of heart-leaf raccoon-grape (Ampelopsis cordata Michx.) (Coues 1898, Cuttright 1969). The next day, near the mouth of the Kansas River, they stopped to collect pawpaw fruits (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal) (Cuttright 1969), a species common today in floodplain forests in the area. Another observation pertinent to the natural history to FLMR was made by John James Audubon. On a trip up the Missouri River to collect and observe animals in 1843, he briefly visited Ft. Leavenworth. On 3 May he observed and collected a specimen of Carolina parakeet, Conuropis carolinensis, (Barry 1972, Peterson 1987), a species formerly common in eastern Kansas but that was decimated by the mid-1850s (Anonymous 1966). The bird now is extinct. The most comprehensive study of the biota and ecology of FLMR prior to studies by KSNHI was conducted by Brumwell (1951). His work, conducted from January 1939 to November 1940, NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 8
examined the status and ecological associations of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds on the installation. Brumwell (1951) reported 259 vertebrate species on or near Ft. Leavenworth, including 12 amphibians, 36 reptiles, 47 mammals, and 164 birds. He also classified and described six major terrestrial natural communities (associations) on the installation: prairie, buckbrush (Symphoricarpos)-sumac, oak-hickory, cottonwood-elm, sedge-willow, and littoral. During the past six decades, scientists from the University of Kansas sporadically collected plant and animal specimens on and around FLMR. Most voucher collections are deposited in the research collections of the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center at the University of Kansas. These collections provide useful baseline information about certain elements of the flora and fauna. Other studies have examined various aspects of the ecology of the Missouri River basin and have some relevance to FLMR. Weaver (1960) studied the vegetation of the central Missouri valley and contacts of woodland with prairie in this area. The portion of the Missouri River along FLMR was on the fringe of the area covered in his study and received very little mention. Funk and Robinson (1974) examined changes in the channel of the lower Missouri River between 1879 and 1972. In a 36-mile reach of the river that includes Ft. Leavenworth, they reported a 57% reduction in water surface area. Most islands and chutes were eliminated and river bends were smoothed during the period. The authors also summarized anecdotal reports of changes in wildlife and riparian habitat along the river. Bragg and Tatschl (1977) examined changes in the vegetation on the lower Missouri River floodplain from 1826 to 1972. Their study focused on the river in the state of Missouri, but many of their observations probably hold true for the length of the river in Kansas. They found that floodplain forest decreased in coverage from 76% in 1826 to 13% in 1972. Cultivated ground increased from 18% to 83% during the same period. These changes occurred coincident with bank stabilization and channelization efforts initiated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Woody species composition in mature floodplain forests evaluated in 1972 was observed to be similar to composition data derived from General Land Office Survey reports from 1826. Stevens and Dill (1942) and Kramer and Wagenknecht (1957) focused on the habitat and occurrence of the puttyroot orchid, Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr., in Kansas. Both papers reported on occurrences of this perennial forest plant on or near the Missouri River floodplain on FLMR. Information about reptiles and amphibians was provided in unpublished reports by Simon (1988) and Simon and Dorlac (1990). In the latter study, the authors reported seven species of amphibians and six species of reptiles on FLMR. Several previous and ongoing studies have focused on the avifauna of FLMR. Zimmerman and Tatschl (1975) examined species diversity and density of birds in floodplain habitats on FLMR. Canopy warblers inhabiting mature bottomland forest were studied by Schukman and Mouras (1992) and Schukman (1966). The Institute for Bird Populations (2003) conducted the MAPS NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 9
Page 1 and 2: A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
Page 11 and 12: 1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
Page 13 and 14: intentionally or accidentally from
Page 15 and 16: east toward the Missouri River. Two
Page 17: Agriculture figures (1874), there w
Page 21 and 22: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
Page 29 and 30: green ash seedlings, and silver map
Page 31 and 32: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 33 and 34: ounding. Genus Species Common Name
Page 43 and 44: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 45 and 46: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 63 and 64: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
Page 65 and 66: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 67 and 68: suggests that practices that degrad
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1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
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FLMR is the only site in northeast
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A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
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Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
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(68%) have been confirmed since 199
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
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Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
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plants (including all infraspecific
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TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
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limestone derivation. After the 200
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ock outcrops; it is often found wit
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hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
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Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
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epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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