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3.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3. ANIMALS William H. Busby Kansas Biological Survey 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence, KS 66047-3759 wbusby@ku.edu Zoological studies on FLMR during the 1995–1996 field seasons consisted of five objectives: 1) compile a list of protected and rare species of animals, 2) plan and conduct surveys for these species, 3) document all findings of all endangered, threatened, and special status species, 4) compile a report detailing all occurrences of these species and describing exceptional biological natural areas on the installation, and 5) assist in the formulation of management ideas based on the survey results. In addition, baseline data about mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians were collected ancillary to targeted surveys for protected species. Federally and state-listed species were documented by Freeman et al. (1997). One federal threatened species, the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus)), was a regular winter resident. Four species of federally protected birds were determined possibly to migrate through the area, but nesting or foraging habitat is limited or absent on FLMR. They are the Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis (Forster)), least tern (Sterna antillarum (Lesson)), piping plover (Charadrius melodus Ord), and whooping crane (Grus americana (Linnaeus)). The white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi (Vieillot)) and peregrine falcon (Falco pereginus Tunstall), both state-listed birds, occasionally may appear during migration. Three Kansas Species in Need of Conservation (SINC) infrequently might use habitat on FLMR: black tern (Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus)), blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus (LeSueur)), and red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus Gmelin). One SINC mammal, the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus (Linnaeus)), was a resident on FLMR, and three SINC migratory birds bred on FLMR: cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea (Wilson)), yellow-throated warbler (Dendroica dominica (Linnaeus)), and whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus Wilson). Several state-listed species that were not found during the 1995–1996 field seasons were thought possibly to occur on FLMR because suitable habitat was available: eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius (Raf.)), redbelly snake (Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer)), and smooth earth snake (Virginia valeriae (Baird & Girard)). In this follow-up study, all federally and state-listed animal species identified in Freeman et al. (1997) excluding fishes were re-surveyed. The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis Miller & G.M. Allen), was added to our survey list. Bat surveys were conducted by Dr. Lynn Robbins and students, Southwestern Missouri State University. Surveys for the American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus Olivier) and a survey of snakes were conducted by Hank Guarisco, Lawrence, KS. Information about floodplain forest bird communities was gathered in the major forest tracts differing in successional stage on FLMR. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 44
TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected by federal and/or state laws with historical or extant occurrences in Leavenworth County, Kansas. Surveys were conducted in 2002–2003 for species followed by an asterisk. Common Name Scientific Name Survey Period Status 1 Mammals eastern spotted skunk Spilogale putorius interrupta (Raf.) T eastern chipmunk* Tamias striatus (Linnaeus) All year S Franklin’s ground squirrel Spermophilus franklinii (Sabine) S southern flying squirrel* Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus) All year S Birds bald eagle* Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) Dec-Mar LT, E black tern Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) S cerulean warbler* Dendroica cerulea (Wilson) May-Jul S Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis (Forster) LE, E least tern Sterna antillarum (Lesson) LE, E peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Tunstall E piping plover Charadrius melodus Ord LT, T red-shouldered hawk* Buteo lineatus Gmelin Apr-Aug S whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus (Wilson) S white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi (Vieillot) T yellow-throated warbler* Dendroica dominica (Linnaeus) May-Jul S Reptiles redbelly snake* Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer) Apr-Jun; Sep-Oct T smooth earth snake* Virginia valeriae (Baird & Girard) Apr-Jun; Sep-Oct T timber rattlesnake* Crotalus horridus Linnaeus Apr-Oct S Amphibians spring peeper* Pseudacris crucifer (Wied) Mar-Apr T Fishes blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus (LeSeur) S brassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs S chestnut lamprey Ichthyomyzon castaneus (Girard) T flathead chub Platygobio gracilis (Richardson) T pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes & LE, E & Richardson) river shiner Notropis blennius (Girard) S sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard) T sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki (Jordan & Evermann) E silverband shiner Notropis shumardi (Girard) T tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill) S western silvery minnow Hybognathus argyritis (Girard) T Invertebrates American burying beetle* Nicrophorus americanus Olivier May-Sep LE, E 1 Status abbreviations, arranged by regulatory agency and threat level, are as follows: LE = listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. LT = listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. E = listed as endangered by the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks. T = listed as threatened by the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks. S = Species in Need of Conservation, listed by the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks. 3.2. METHODS NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 45
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
Page 11 and 12: 1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
Page 13 and 14: intentionally or accidentally from
Page 15 and 16: east toward the Missouri River. Two
Page 17 and 18: Agriculture figures (1874), there w
Page 19 and 20: examined the status and ecological
Page 21 and 22: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
Page 29 and 30: green ash seedlings, and silver map
Page 31 and 32: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 33 and 34: ounding. Genus Species Common Name
Page 43 and 44: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 45 and 46: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 53: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 63 and 64: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
Page 65 and 66: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 67 and 68: suggests that practices that degrad
Page 69 and 70: 1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
Page 71 and 72: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91 and 92: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
Page 95 and 96: limestone derivation. After the 200
Page 97 and 98: ock outcrops; it is often found wit
Page 99 and 100: hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
Page 101 and 102: Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
Page 103 and 104: epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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