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Vegetation plot data were not gathered from this herbaceous natural community because the existing five remnants (Figure 2.3) are too small. A species list was compiled for each remnant (Table 2.14), which collectively contain 129 species of vascular plants. Dominant plants are big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), yellow Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash). Common shrubs are inland ceanothus (Ceanothus herbaceus Raf.), smooth sumac (Rhus glabra L.), and prairie willow (Salix humilis Marshall). The best remnants of Glaciated Tallgrass Prairie are in the southwest part of FLMR along the horse trail that extends from Sheridan Drive east and northeast along the north edge of the National Cemetery. Two small areas are situated on the north side of the trail roughly 100 m (330 ft) east of Sheridan Drive and extend discontinuously for 50–75 m (160–250 ft). Additional areas parallel the extreme south end of Sheridan Drive. Surveys of the forest immediately surrounding these prairies reveal that many prairie plants persist in the understory, suggesting that the remnants once were larger but have been reduced due to encroachment by woody vegetation. Presumably, these prairies could be recovered with proper management. No rare species were documented in this natural community. Despite their size, the prairie remnants of FLMR contribute significantly to the plant species richness on the installation. Along the northeast edge of Government Hill, prairie remnants with a slightly different species composition occur on the steep slopes. Plants of interest at this location include leadplant (Amorpha canescens Pursh), plaintain-leaf pussy’s-toes (Antennaria parlinii Fernald), and blue wild-indigo (Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.). The three woodland sedges there; white-tinge sedge (Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng.), oval-leaf sedge (Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd.), and Muhlenberg’s sedge (Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd.), suggest that this area once was a savanna or woodland. Post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and sandstone outcrops on these bluffs also suggest that a savanna once may have covered this hill instead of the White oak- Shagbark hickory Forest that now dominates. TABLE 2.14. Vascular plant species observed on prairie remnants on FLMR. Numbers correspond to sites shown in Figure 2.3. Dots (●) indicate known occurrences. 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Common name ● ● ● ● ● Cypressaceae Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana eastern red-cedar ● ● ● ● Acanthaceae Ruellia humilis Nutt. fringe-leaf ruellia ● ● ● ● Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac ● ● ● ● Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. negundo (Greene) Gillis poison-ivy ● ● ● ● Apiaceae Daucus carota L. subsp. carota wild carrot ● Apiaceae Sanicula odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe fragrant sanicle ● ● ● Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. hemp dogbane ● Asclepiadaceae Asclepias verticillata L. whorled milkweed ● ● ● Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. common ragweed ● Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii Fernald subsp. fallax (Greene) R.J. Bayer & Stebbins plantain-leaf pussy’s-toes ● ● ● Asteraceae Aster drummondii Lindl. subsp. drummondii Drummond's aster NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 34
1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Common name ● ● ● Asteraceae Aster ericoides L. subsp. ericoides var. ericoides heath aster ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Aster laevis L. var. laevis smooth blue aster ● ● ● Asteraceae Aster oblongifolius Nutt. aromatic aster ● Asteraceae Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var. oolentangiensis azure aster ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Aster pilosus Willd. var. pilosus hairy aster ● ● Asteraceae Aster praealtus Poir. var. praealtus willow-leaf aster ● Asteraceae Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill tall thistle ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. pale purple coneflower ● ● ● Asteraceae Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. annual fleabane ● Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane ● Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. daisy fleabane ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Eupatorium altissimum L. tall joe-pye-weed ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Helianthus hirsutus Raf. hairy sunflower ● ● Asteraceae Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. var. pauciflorus stiff sunflower ● Asteraceae Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald sunflower heliopsis ● Asteraceae Lactuca canadensis L. Canadian lettuce ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Liatris aspera Michx. button gayfeather ● ● ● Asteraceae Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser plains gayfeather ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart gray-head prairie-coneflower ● Asteraceae Rudbeckia triloba L. var. triloba brown-eyed-Susan ● ● ● Asteraceae Silphium integrifolium Michx. var. integrifolium whole-leaf rosinweed ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Silphium laciniatum L. compassplant ● ● Asteraceae Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray Canadian goldenrod ● ● Asteraceae Solidago gigantea Ait. late goldenrod ● Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis Ait. subsp. decemflora (DC.) Brammall oldfield goldenrod ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Solidago rigida L. subsp. rigida stiff goldenrod ● ● Asteraceae Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia elm-leaf goldenrod ● ● ● ● ● Asteraceae Vernonia baldwinii Torr. subsp. interior (Small) W.Z. Faust inland ironweed ● ● Betulaceae Corylus americana Walter American hazelnut ● ● ● ● Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch American hop-hornbeam ● ● ● Boraginaceae Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. hoary gromwell ● Boraginaceae Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. var. occidentale (Mack.) B.L. Turner western marbleseed ● ● Campanulaceae Lobelia spicata Lam. pale-spike lobelia ● ● ● ● Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench coral-berry ● ● Caprifoliaceae Triosteum perfoliatum L. clasping horse-gentian ● Caprifoliaceae Viburnum prunifolium L. black-haw viburnum ● Celastraceae Celastrus scandens L. American bittersweet ● ● ● ● ● Cornaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. rough-leaf dogwood ● Cyperaceae Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans white-tinge sedge ● Cyperaceae Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. oval-leaf sedge ● Cyperaceae Carex frankii Kunth Frank's sedge ● ● ● ● ● Cyperaceae Carex meadii Dewey Mead's sedge ● ● ● Cyperaceae Carex molesta Mack. ex Bright pest sedge ● Cyperaceae Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. inermis Boott Muhlenberg’s sedge ● ● Cyperaceae Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. woolly sedge ● Cyperaceae Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. low sedge ● Cyperaceae Eleocharis compressa Sull. var. acutisquamata (Buckley) S.G. Sm. flat-stem spike-rush NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 35
Page 1 and 2: A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
Page 11 and 12: 1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
Page 13 and 14: intentionally or accidentally from
Page 15 and 16: east toward the Missouri River. Two
Page 17 and 18: Agriculture figures (1874), there w
Page 19 and 20: examined the status and ecological
Page 21 and 22: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
Page 29 and 30: green ash seedlings, and silver map
Page 31 and 32: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 33 and 34: ounding. Genus Species Common Name
Page 43: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 63 and 64: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
Page 65 and 66: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 67 and 68: suggests that practices that degrad
Page 69 and 70: 1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
Page 71 and 72: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91 and 92: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
Page 95 and 96:
limestone derivation. After the 200
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ock outcrops; it is often found wit
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hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
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Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
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epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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