A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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Recommendations. None. Peregrine falcon: Falco peregrinus Tunstall Past Records. This raptor is a rare to uncommon migrant in Kansas (Thompson and Ely 1989). In the last few years, peregrine falcons have been seen on FLMR (J. Schukman personal comm.) and elsewhere in northeast Kansas along the Missouri River. Peregrine falcon populations, decimated by the effects of DDT contamination in the 1950–‘70s, have begun to recover. This species recently was delisted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Nesting has occurred recently on tall buildings in Kansas City, Missouri, and in Topeka, Kansas. Available Habitat and Surveys. This bird visits a variety of habitats during migration. Favored sites are wetlands, lakes, and large rivers where there are concentrations of prey birds. The Missouri River valley provides good foraging habitat, but cliffs and tall buildings that might attract breeding falcons are limited. No surveys were conducted for the peregrine falcon, and no observations were made during other field work. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. Migrating and wandering individuals occasionally pass through the area. However, sufficiently tall structures to attract breeding birds to FLMR are not present. Recommendations. None. Redbelly snake: Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer) Past Records. This snake is at the western edge of its range in eastern Kansas. Records in northeast Kansas come from Atchison, Jefferson, and Douglas counties (Collins 1993). No redbelly snakes were observed on FLMR by Freeman et al. (1997). Available Habitat and Surveys. The redbelly snake inhabits woodlands and forests, most often those dominated by oaks and hickories, and with a dense layer of leaf litter. Sites with extensive rock in the substrate are preferred. Forested uplands on FLMR were surveyed from April– October 2003 (Table 3.2, Appendix E). Surveys involved searching in leaf litter and under logs and rocks. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. This secretive species is difficult to find using any survey technique because it occupies subterranean habitats. Individuals are most likely to be found above ground in the spring and fall. Even though individuals were not found during this survey, it is possible that the species inhabits large tracts of high-quality White oak-Shagbark hickory Forest and Maple-Basswood Forest on FLMR, especially around rock outcrops on slopes in the north part of the installation. Recommendations. Existing stands of upland forest should be maintained. Not enough is known about the habitat requirements of this snake to permit specific management recommendations to be made. However, the fact that the redbelly snake generally is found in high-quality forests NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 56
suggests that practices that degrade this natural community, such as livestock grazing, extensive logging, and fragmentation due to development would be detrimental if the species occurs on the site. Smooth earth snake: Virginia valeriae (Baird & Girard) Past Records. This small, secretive snake is at the western edge of its range in northeast Kansas. There are documented occurrences from Leavenworth and all surrounding Kansas counties (Collins 1993). No smooth earth snakes were observed on FLMR by Freeman et al. (1997). Available Habitat and Surveys. Similar to the redbelly snake, the smooth earth snake lives in forests and woodlands where it typically occupies rocky slopes and forest margins. Surveys in the forested uplands on FLMR were conducted from April–October 2003 (Table 3.2, Appendix E). Leaf litter and potential shelter sites (rocks and logs) were searched during periods of mild weather. No smooth earth snakes were found during this study. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. Habitat for the smooth earth snake is limited and fragmented at FLMR. Nonetheless, this snake may occur in rocky woodlands. George Pisani (University of Kansas), who has conducted research on the species in the eastern U.S. and who visited FLMR as part of this study, believes the rocky bluffs in the Maple-Basswood Forest provide the best potential habitat for the snake (personal comm.). Recommendations. Stands of upland forest and woodland with rocky substrates should be maintained. Because this species generally is found in high-quality forests, practices that degrade or fragment forest habitat are likely to be detrimental to smooth earth snake populations if the exist on FLMR. Spring peeper: Pseudacris crucifer (Wied) Past Records. Collins (1993) states that Ft. Leavenworth is the type locality for this frog, but Rundquist (1977) suggests the type collection comes from another location. Other than the type collection, there are no other reports of the species from Leavenworth County. Recent surveys on FLMR yielded no populations of spring peepers (Simon 1988, Simon and Dorlac 1990). The populations nearest to FLMR are in Miami County, Kansas (Collins 1993). Available Habitat and Surveys. The spring peeper inhabits woodlands and generally is found near ponds and marshes that lack fish (Collins 1993). Limited suitable habitat is present on FLMR. It was surveyed in 2003, but no chorusing frogs were heard. However, conditions during the spring were unusually dry, and few temporary wetlands held water. In general, breeding activity by all anurans was reduced or absent on FLMR in 2003. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. It is unlikely that this frog exists in Leavenworth County due to the fact that it is outside the known species range. Recommendations. None. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 57
Page 1 and 2:
A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
Page 15 and 16: east toward the Missouri River. Two
Page 17 and 18: Agriculture figures (1874), there w
Page 19 and 20: examined the status and ecological
Page 21 and 22: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
Page 29 and 30: green ash seedlings, and silver map
Page 31 and 32: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 33 and 34: ounding. Genus Species Common Name
Page 43 and 44: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 45 and 46: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 63 and 64: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
Page 65: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 69 and 70: 1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
Page 71 and 72: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91 and 92: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
Page 95 and 96: limestone derivation. After the 200
Page 97 and 98: ock outcrops; it is often found wit
Page 99 and 100: hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
Page 101 and 102: Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
Page 103 and 104: epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
Page 209:
References Information on exotic an
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