A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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Multiflora rose is not thought to represent a major threat to native biodiversity on FLMR at this time. However, as it is officially designated as a noxious weed in Kansas, there are requirements for its control. Extreme care must be exercised in controlling this species where it occurs within or near native communities so as not to damage non-target species. Securigera varia (Fabaceae; common crown-vetch; synonym = Coronilla varia) Native to Europe, southwest Asia, and northern Africa, crown vetch is a perennial legume, which can have stems up to 2 m tall with rhizomes up to 3 m long. The agent of dispersal is unknown but animals may play a role. It has been planted for erosion control, bank stabilization, and temporary ground cover. Its rapid spread by rhizomes and seeding ability poses a threat to natural areas. It is found in open sunny areas such as roadsides, open fields and gravel bars along streams. Prescribed burning alone has not shown success. Repeated late spring mowing has shown some success and may at least stop its spread. It should be watched for along rights-ofway and controlled to prevent invasion of natural areas. Common crown-vetch is not thought to be a major threat to native biodiversity at FLMR at this time. This species is generally associated with disturbed habitats, especially where it occurs as a relict of plantings for erosion control. Because of its potential to interfere with native and restored areas, its use as a cover plant for erosion control should be severely limited (alternatives for erosion control include native grasses and forbs). Extreme care must be exercised in controlling this species where it occurs within or near native communities so as not to damage non-target species. Sorghum halepense (Poaceae; Johnson grass) Native to the Mediterranean, Johnson grass was introduced to the U.S. in the 1800s as a potential forage crop. It is a coarse, perennial grass that can reach 2.5 m tall and is characterized by having stout rhizomes. It spreads by seed and rhizomes, forming dense clumps. It can crowd out native species, reducing plant diversity and complicating restoration efforts in areas it comes to dominate. It is found invading disturbed sites including fallow fields, forest edges, and riverbanks. It also can be a pest in annually tilled agricultural fields. Johnson grass grows on a variety of soils but can thrive on fertile lowlands. Individual plants in small infestations can be hand-pulled in June after rain has softened the ground. This may need to be repeated several times for control. Individual plants also can be sprayed with a backpack sprayer. Repeated, close mowing can kill seedlings and reduce rhizome growth. Johnson grass can become highly invasive, forming dense populations that diminish native biodiversity or impede efforts at ecosystem restoration. It is officially designated as a noxious weed in Kansas, and therefore certain control measures are required. The current population at FLMR is large and widespread. It occurs abundantly in low, mesic restoration areas on former agricultural land and in disturbed areas throughout FLMR. Extreme care must be exercised in controlling this species where it occurs within or near native communities so as not to damage non-target species. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 198
References Information on exotic and invasive species was obtained from the following sources: Butterfield, Stubbendieck, and Stumpf (1996); Hoffman and Kearns (1997); Illinois Nature Preserves Commission (1990); Packard and Mutel (1997); Smith (1997); Swearingen, Reshetiloff, Slattery, and Zwicker (2002); and Tu, Hurd, and Randall (2001). Refer to the Literature Cited section of the main report for complete citations. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 199
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
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east toward the Missouri River. Two
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Agriculture figures (1874), there w
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examined the status and ecological
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
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TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
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TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
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green ash seedlings, and silver map
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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ounding. Genus Species Common Name
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Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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annuals initially. Eventually, herb
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TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
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September. On 8 September, four tra
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warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
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TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
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Recommendations. The lack of suitab
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suggests that practices that degrad
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1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
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FLMR is the only site in northeast
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A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
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Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
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(68%) have been confirmed since 199
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4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
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Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
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plants (including all infraspecific
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TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
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limestone derivation. After the 200
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ock outcrops; it is often found wit
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hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
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Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
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epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Page 157 and 158: Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
Page 159 and 160: Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
Page 161 and 162: Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
Page 163 and 164: [Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
Page 165 and 166: Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
Page 167 and 168: Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
Page 169 and 170: Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
Page 171 and 172: Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
Page 173 and 174: 56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
Page 175 and 176: Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
Page 177 and 178: Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
Page 179 and 180: Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
Page 181 and 182: misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
Page 183 and 184: 91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
Page 185 and 186: 99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
Page 187 and 188: Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
Page 189 and 190: Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
Page 191 and 192: However, Anabat recordings indicate
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
Page 195 and 196: TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
Page 199 and 200: TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
Page 201 and 202: are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
Page 203 and 204: Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
Page 205 and 206: disperse their seeds. They are foun
Page 207: Reed canary grass can become highly
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