A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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Ligustrum obtusifolium (Oleaceae; border privet) Native to Japan, border privet is a perennial shrub, which can grow to 3 m tall with a spread of arching branches. It grows readily from seed or sprouting and birds can distribute seeds to distant locations. It can form dense thickets and out-compete native vegetation. It is often found along roadsides, in old fields, and other disturbed areas but can invade a variety of undisturbed natural areas. Mowing and cutting or manual pulling can be used for small infestations and sensitive areas where herbicides cannot be used. Border privet is not currently a problem at FLMR (but see general considerations for exotic trees and shrubs). Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaceae; European privet) Native to the Mediterranean region European privet is a perennial shrub with spreading branches that can grow to 4 m tall. It is widely naturalized in the U.S., has few pests or predators here, and has high reproductive capacity. It grows well in open sun in low nutrient soils but tolerates lower light levels where nutrients are more abundant. It has been found in bottomland, mesic and riparian forests in Arkansas. Mowing and cutting or manual pulling can be used for small infestations and sensitive areas where herbicides cannot be used. European privet is not currently a problem at FLMR (but see general considerations for exotic trees and shrubs). Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae; Japanese honeysuckle) Japanese honeysuckle was introduced from Japan in 1806 as a horticultural ground-cover species. It is a semi-evergreen vine with white or yellow tubular flowers and small black 2–3seeded fruits. It shades out native understory and herbaceous plants by overgrowing them and can climb trees into the canopy. Japanese honeysuckle can spread by seeds and vegetative runners. Birds readily disperse the seeds. It does not do well in heavily shaded environments and preferentially invades open communities such as successional fields, prairies, savannas, glades, and open upland and floodplain forests. This species is a serious pest in tree farms in the southeastern United States, as it tends to overgrow sapling trees. Control methods have included mowing, grazing, prescribed burning and herbicides. Japanese honeysuckle is not currently a problem at FLMR (but see general considerations for exotic trees and shrubs). Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae; Amur honeysuckle) The Amur honeysuckle is native to central and northeastern China and Korea. The exotic bush honeysuckles are upright, multi-stemmed, opposite-branched, deciduous shrubs that can grow to 4 m in height. The species can be very difficult to differentiate (e.g., L. maackii from L. ×bella, which both occur on FLMR). In addition, another species of Lonicera (L. tatarica) has been found in Kansas and may be present at FLMR; this species would be very difficult to distinguish from L. maackii and L. ×bella. All species have been planted as ornamentals. In natural areas they can contribute to reduced species richness in herbaceous communities and inhibit regeneration in early to mid-successional forests. Birds and possibly small mammals can NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 194
disperse their seeds. They are found in forests with histories of fragmentation, woodcutting, or grazing and along semi-shaded fencerows and weedy thickets. Control may be achieved by pulling or repeatedly clipping seedlings and mature shrubs for a period of three to five years. Winter clipping encourages vigorous re-sprouting. Herbicides may be necessary for control. Amur honeysuckle is not currently a problem at FLMR (but see general considerations for exotic trees and shrubs). Lonicera ×bella (Caprifoliaceae; pretty honeysuckle) Lonicera ×bella is a hybrid of two exotic bush honeysuckles, L. morrowii and L. tatarica, which are native to Japan and Russia respectively. It has intermediate characteristics with leaves slightly hairy beneath and flowers pink fading to yellow. It is found on forest edges and interiors as well as lakesides, riparian areas, and disturbed areas. Control can be by pulling or repeatedly clipping seedlings and mature shrubs for a period of three to five years. Winter clipping encourages vigorous re-sprouting. Herbicides may be necessary for control. Pretty honeysuckle is not currently a problem at FLMR (but see general considerations for exotic trees and shrubs). Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae; purple loosestrife) Native to Europe and Asia, purple loosestrife is an erect perennial herb that grows to 2 m tall and produces a showy spike of rose-purple flowers. It was imported for use by beekeepers and as an ornamental in the 1800s. A single stalk can produce 300,000 seeds, which can be dispersed by wind, water, or animals; it also spreads vegetatively. Once established, it can block waterways and destroy marshes and wet prairies. It is found widely in wet habitats and moist soil conditions in full sun, but can survive up to 50% shade. With small infestations of
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
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east toward the Missouri River. Two
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Agriculture figures (1874), there w
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examined the status and ecological
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
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TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
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TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
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green ash seedlings, and silver map
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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ounding. Genus Species Common Name
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Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
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annuals initially. Eventually, herb
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TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
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September. On 8 September, four tra
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warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
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TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
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Recommendations. The lack of suitab
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suggests that practices that degrad
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1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
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Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
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FLMR is the only site in northeast
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A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
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Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
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(68%) have been confirmed since 199
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4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
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Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
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plants (including all infraspecific
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TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
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limestone derivation. After the 200
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ock outcrops; it is often found wit
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hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
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Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
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epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Page 153 and 154: ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Page 157 and 158: Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
Page 159 and 160: Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
Page 161 and 162: Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
Page 163 and 164: [Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
Page 165 and 166: Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
Page 167 and 168: Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
Page 169 and 170: Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
Page 171 and 172: Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
Page 173 and 174: 56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
Page 175 and 176: Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
Page 177 and 178: Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
Page 179 and 180: Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
Page 181 and 182: misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
Page 183 and 184: 91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
Page 185 and 186: 99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
Page 187 and 188: Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
Page 189 and 190: Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
Page 191 and 192: However, Anabat recordings indicate
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
Page 195 and 196: TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
Page 199 and 200: TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
Page 201 and 202: are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
Page 203: Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
Page 207 and 208: Reed canary grass can become highly
Page 209: References Information on exotic an
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