A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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history attributes of this species. It is the largest member of the genus Nicrophorus in North America and requires larger carrion (80–300 gm; 3–11 oz) for best reproductive success (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1991). This species is associated with specific soil types (Lomolino et al. 1995) and habitats with abundant small birds and mammals (Holloway and Schnell 1997). Only limited areas on the uplands of FLMR currently support habitat potentially suitable for American burying beetle populations. Extensive human activity, particularly agricultural development, in the historic past throughout the Glaciated Region of Kansas and Missouri has greatly reduced the amount of suitable habitat for this species. It is unlikely to occur on FLMR. Recommendations. If populations of the American burying beetle are discovered close to FLMR, additional surveys should be conducted on the post. Bald eagle: Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) Past Records. The bald eagle is a large raptor that is a regular winter visitor and local breeder in Kansas (Thompson and Ely 1989, Collins et al. 1995). It bred historically along major rivers in Kansas, but breeding populations were extirpated shortly after Euro-America settlement (Levenson and Bee 1980). The first confirmed nesting in more than a century occurred in Kansas in 1989, and the breeding population continues to expand (Watkins et al. 1994). Winter populations also have been expanding for several decades and current winter populations sometimes exceed 600 birds. During aerial surveys of eagles in the winters of 1991–1993, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks documented that, at times, the Missouri River hosts large numbers of bald eagles. Available Habitat and Surveys. The preferred habitat of the bald eagle includes areas of open water and along large rivers. In Kansas, the greatest numbers in winter occur at large reservoirs and along the major rivers. Breeding pairs currently are found at large reservoirs in eastern Kansas and in riparian areas in western Kansas (Watkins et al. 1994, 1996). No winter surveys were conducted due to the abundance of existing information (Table 3.6). No bald eagles were seen on FLMR during breeding season surveys, and there is no evidence that eagles nest on the post. Because of regular winter use by bald eagles, all lands and waters in a corridor along the main stem of the Missouri River from the Nebraska state line downstream to Wyandotte County, Kansas, are designated as critical habitat by KDWP. TABLE 3.6. Aerial surveys for bald eagles conducted by KDWP from 1991–1993. FLMR = Ft. Leavenworth; LC = Leavenworth County; and MR = Missouri River (in Kansas). Number of bald eagles Date FLMR LC MR 1991-02-13 0 1 12 1992-02-10 3 6 42 1992-12-16 3 4 23 1993-01-14 9 35 80 1993-02-22 4 6 55 NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 52
Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. Bald eagles are frequent winter visitors along the Missouri River on FLMR. This bird currently does not breed on the installation, but apparently suitable breeding habitat exists there. As the breeding population expands, nest sites along the Missouri River on or near FLMR could be established. The known breeding site nearest to FLMR is at Perry Lake in Jefferson County, Kansas. Recommendations. Forested riparian habitat along the Missouri River should be monitored for breeding bald eagles. Eskimo curlew: Numenius borealis (Forster) Past Records. This shorebird was an abundant migrant in eastern Kansas in the 1800s, but by the early 1900s it was nearly extinct due to hunting pressure (Thompson and Ely 1989). A historical record for the Eskimo curlew exists from Douglas County, Kansas, and there is an unconfirmed 1995 report from Anderson County. Available Habitat and Surveys. The Eskimo curlew reportedly frequented wet meadows and open grassland in the Great Plains, especially recently burned prairie. FLMR does not contain suitable habitat, and no surveys were conducted during this study. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. Many biologists believe this species is extinct. If extant, exceedingly low population numbers and the absence of suitable habitat on FLMR make the probability of visits by this species remote. Recommendations. None. Indiana bat: Myotis sodalis Miller & G.M. Allen Past Records. The Indiana bat inhabits forested areas of the eastern U.S. westward to Missouri. This species has not been documented in Kansas (3D/Environmental Services 1993), but reproductively active individuals have been observed approximately 160 km (100 mi) east and northeast of FLMR in Caldwell and Nodaway counties, Missouri (Appendix D). Available Habitat and Surveys. Suitable habitat consists of forest and forest edge where dead or dying trees with defoliated bark are present. Surveys were conducted in July 2002 and June-July 2003 (Appendix D). No Indiana bats were detected during this study. Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. Surveys efforts probably were sufficient to detect Indiana bats if they were present. However, it is possible that the species occurs irregularly on FLMR. Recommendations. Mature upland and lowland forests should be managed without removing dead trees or snags to maintain habitat potentially suitable for this species. Least tern: Sterna antillarum (Lesson) NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 53
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
Page 11 and 12: 1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
Page 13 and 14: intentionally or accidentally from
Page 15 and 16: east toward the Missouri River. Two
Page 17 and 18: Agriculture figures (1874), there w
Page 19 and 20: examined the status and ecological
Page 21 and 22: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
Page 25 and 26: TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
Page 29 and 30: green ash seedlings, and silver map
Page 31 and 32: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 33 and 34: ounding. Genus Species Common Name
Page 43 and 44: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 45 and 46: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 65 and 66: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 67 and 68: suggests that practices that degrad
Page 69 and 70: 1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
Page 71 and 72: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91 and 92: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 93 and 94: TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative pe
Page 95 and 96: limestone derivation. After the 200
Page 97 and 98: ock outcrops; it is often found wit
Page 99 and 100: hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
Page 101 and 102: Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
Page 103 and 104: epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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with other considerations, includin
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existing natural areas information.
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these areas would enhance the prair
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Other trails and paths on the insta
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FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
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While FLMR supports a diverse flora
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Sorghum halepense, previously repor
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Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
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Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
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Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
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APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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