A Natural Areas Inventory of the - Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory ...

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cited as adventive in Freeman et al. (1997), were frequently observed in 2003 and now are considered well established on FLMR. Fieldwork carried out by staff affiliated with the R. L. McGregor Herbarium from 1998–2003 has demonstrated each of these species to be more common than previously thought in eastern Kansas. Some exotic species, such as Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae; common garlic-mustard), Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. (Caprifoliaceae; Amur honeysuckle), and Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Rosaceae; multiflora rose) were reported as infrequent in appropriate habitats by Freeman et al. (1997), but are reported here as common. Two exotic pest species, Phalaris arundinacea L. (Poaceae; reed canary grass) and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Poaceae; Johnson grass), were reported as common in appropriate habitats by Freeman et al. (1997), but were observed during the 2003 field season to be locally dominant in open areas in the floodplain and reported here as abundant. Fieldwork in 2003 documented several exotic species that were either overlooked during the 1995–1996 field seasons and are reported here as additions to the flora of FLMR, or are reported from Kansas for the first time here. Among the exotics known from Kansas, but previously unknown from FLMR, are the ornamentals Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae; purple loosestrife) and Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae; Japanese honeysuckle). Native to Europe, purple loosestrife is an ecologically important wetland weed in the northeast U.S. It has been documented from 10 scattered wetlands in the eastern half of Kansas. Observations during 2003 confirmed individuals of this species growing along the Missouri River. Native to eastern Asia, Japanese honeysuckle is an ecologically and economically important weed of forests throughout the southeastern United States. Observations in 2003 confirmed several sizeable populations of this species in openings in White oak-Shagbark hickory Forest on FLMR. Exotic taxa documented in Kansas in 2003 for the first time are Cyperus fuscus L. (Cyperaceae; brown flat-sedge), Euonymus alatus (Celastraceae; winged burningbush), and Rhodotypos scandens (Rosaceae; jetbead). Native to Eurasia, brown flat-sedge is an annual graminoid previously known in the Great Plains from specimens taken in Missouri, Nebraska and South Dakota (Tucker et al. 2002). Two subpopulations of this species were discovered on drying mud flats along the Missouri River. It is unlikely that this species will become a pest in Kansas. Native to eastern Asia, winged burningbush frequently is planted as an ornamental shrub throughout the eastern United States. It has been reported as naturalized elsewhere in the eastern U.S. (Rhoads and Block 2000), but specimens have not previously been taken from wild plants in Kansas. Several specimens were taken during the 2003 field season from plants scattered throughout the White oak-Shagbark hickory Forest on FLMR. It is unlikely that this species will become a pest in Kansas, but, along with other naturalized exotic shrubs, winged burningbush may contribute locally to the decline of native plants in eastern Kansas forest communities. Native to Japan, jetbead has been planted widely and is reported as an occasional escape in the northeastern United States (Rhoads and Block 2000). Two small populations, each of fewer than 10 plants, were observed in White oak-Shagbark hickory Forest along horse trails. These appear to represent the first documented occurrence of this species in the Great Plains. This species has not proved itself to be a pest where it has become established elsewhere in the U.S., and it is unlikely it will become a pest in Kansas. NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 82
TABLE 4.3. Number and cumulative percentage of introduced and native taxa in Leavenworth County and on FLMR. Cumulative % = cumulative percent of taxa relative to totals reported for county (853) and FLMR (591). Provenance Leavenworth Co. Cumulative % FLMR Cumulative % Native 679 80 457 77 Introduced, naturalized 154 98 122 98 Introduced, adventive 20 100 12 100 Longevity. Longevity data for vascular plants documented for Leavenworth County and FLMR and presented in Appendix C reveal little change from the results published by Freeman et al. (1997) (Table 4.4). The majority of the vascular plants remain perennial herbaceous (52% of all taxa), with annual (25%), perennial woody (17%), and other groups comprising the remainder. TABLE 4.4. Number and cumulative percentage of annual, biennial, and perennial taxa in Leavenworth County and on FLMR. Cumulative % = cumulative percent of taxa relative to totals reported for county (853 taxa) and FLMR (591). Longevity Leavenworth Co Cumulative % FLMR Cumulative % Perennial herbaceous 473 55 307 52 Annual 218 81 150 77 Perennial woody 115 94 98 94 Biennial 23 97 17 97 Annual or biennial 9 98 8 98 Biennial or perennial herbaceous 8 99 7 99 Annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous 4 >99 2 >99 Annual or perennial herbaceous 3 100 2 100 Habitat. Habitat data for vascular plants documented for Leavenworth County and FLMR and presented in Appendix C reveal minor changes from the results published by Freeman et al. (1997) (Table 4.5). As reported previously, a large proportion of the taxa regularly occupy upland forest and disturbed habitats. Smaller percentages of taxa occupy floodplain forest, prairie, and wetland habitats, and a very small percentage of taxa documented on FLMR occupy aquatic habitats. Changes in the rank of taxa found in floodplain forest and prairie habitats (these occupy ranks 3 and 4 here, but were reported by Freeman et al. (1997) ranked 4 and 3, respectively) may be attributed to the relatively greater percent effort expended in 2003 surveying floodplain habitats than prairies. Habitat data were not summarized for Leavenworth County by Freeman et al. (1997), but are also summarized here in Table 4.5. It may be noted that the percentage of taxa reported from forest habitats is considerably smaller for Leavenworth County than it is for FLMR, while the percentage of taxa reported from prairie habitats is greater. These results may be explained by the general inaccessibility of forested sites in the county other than NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAVENWORTH II 83
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A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF THE FT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List Of Figures .
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1. Locatio
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Summary o
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was carri
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1.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. BACKGR
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intentionally or accidentally from
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east toward the Missouri River. Two
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Agriculture figures (1874), there w
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examined the status and ecological
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NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL COMMUNITIES 2.1.
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TABLE 2.1. Summary of natural commu
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TABLE 2.3. Locations of vegetation
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green ash seedlings, and silver map
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Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
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ounding. Genus Species Common Name
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Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42: Genus Species Common Name 1995-‘9
Page 43 and 44: Phryma leptostachya American lopsee
Page 45 and 46: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Scientific name Co
Page 49 and 50: annuals initially. Eventually, herb
Page 51 and 52: NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY OF FT. LEAV
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 3.1. Animal species protected
Page 57 and 58: September. On 8 September, four tra
Page 59 and 60: warbler, ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapi
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 3.4. Carrion beetles (Coleopt
Page 63 and 64: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. B
Page 65 and 66: Recommendations. The lack of suitab
Page 67 and 68: suggests that practices that degrad
Page 69 and 70: 1996, Freeman et al. 1997). Availab
Page 71 and 72: Potential for Occurrence on FLMR. R
Page 73 and 74: FLMR is the only site in northeast
Page 75 and 76: A Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypte
Page 77 and 78: Species Old-growth Mid- Early- Succ
Page 79 and 80: (68%) have been confirmed since 199
Page 87 and 88: 4.1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4. PLANTS
Page 89 and 90: Date Location Time Notes 39.3611°N
Page 91: plants (including all infraspecific
Page 95 and 96: limestone derivation. After the 200
Page 97 and 98: ock outcrops; it is often found wit
Page 99 and 100: hickory Forest on FLMR. Observation
Page 101 and 102: Scientific Name Carex crus-corvi Sh
Page 103 and 104: epresenting 5 families, 13 genera,
Page 121 and 122: with other considerations, includin
Page 123 and 124: existing natural areas information.
Page 125 and 126: these areas would enhance the prair
Page 127 and 128: Other trails and paths on the insta
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 5.1. One of the small remnan
Page 131 and 132: While FLMR supports a diverse flora
Page 133 and 134: Sorghum halepense, previously repor
Page 135 and 136: Brumwell, M. J. 1951. An ecological
Page 137 and 138: Kansas State Board of Agriculture.
Page 139 and 140: Schwartz, C. W. and E. R. Schwartz.
Page 141 and 142: APPENDIX A. Directions to vegetatio
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The GPS reading is the SE corner of
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APPENDIX B. Checklist of vertebrate
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ORDER Species Common Name Presence
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Equisetum ×ferrissii Clute (Equise
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Daucus pusillus Michx. southwestern
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Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
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[Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. longi
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Thlaspi arvense L. field pennycress
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Commelina communis L. Asiatic dayfl
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Carex vulpinoidea Michx. fox sedge
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Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var.
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56. Hydrophyllaceae, the waterleaf
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Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton y
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Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. slend
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Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fe
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misidentified specimen of Sporobolu
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91. Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn famil
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99. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort f
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Phryma leptostachya L. American lop
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Net sets 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11
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However, Anabat recordings indicate
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APPENDIX E. Report on a 2003 field
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TABLE E.1. Reptiles and amphibians
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APPENDIX F. Exotic and Invasive Pla
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TABLE F.2. Life forms (habit) of ex
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are in bloom. Fire has not been pro
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Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae; Ch
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disperse their seeds. They are foun
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Reed canary grass can become highly
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References Information on exotic an
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