Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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ers, with the lower reaches of the Xe Kong and Nam Kading also providing regular records. The record listed in a report on Dong Ampham NBCA and Phou Kathong PNBCA (Davidson et al. 1997) was far from both, on the lower Xe Kong near Attapu. Conservation Management and Research Proposed for Waders (Scolopacidae - Glareolidae): • Innovative management of all breeding areas for Great Thick-knee, and major concentrations of breeding River Lapwings and Small Pratincoles, including (1) designation of no-use sand-bars and river islands to provide undisturbed nest sites, (2) major education campaigns, and (3) complete ban on hunting, egg collection and, in designated areas, incidental disturbance. Measures should be co-ordinated with those for terns. • Complete habitat protection of any areas found to support (1) Wood Snipe regularly, or (2) breeding Northern Thick-knee; and rigorous enforcement of anti-hunting measures within them. • Protection of key areas for Grey-headed Lapwing from habitat alteration and hunting. • Field investigation of causal factors in the decline of sandbar nesters: with emphasis on Great Thick-knee and River Lapwing. Direct persecution of adults, collection of eggs, and incidental disturbance are all implicated. Design of appropriate recovery measures using this information. • Comprehensive surveys for sandbar-nesting waders of all stretches of major rivers not surveyed by Duckworth et al. (1998b). • Field surveys for (1) distribution of Wood Snipe, (2) seasonal status of Eurasian Thick-knee, (3) areas supporting Long-billed Plover and Grey-headed Lapwing regularly, (4) populations of sand-bar nesters during the wet season, when high water levels submerge the sand-bars, and (5) wetlands supporting nationally significant migrant or wintering populations of waders (level unclear, pending survey). • Studies assessing (1) breeding success of River Lapwing in areas of contrasting human disturbance and (2) habitat use of Long-billed Plover and Grey-headed Lapwing. • Studies of autumn harvests of migrating waders (particularly along the Mekong River) to develop appropriate control measures. Laridae: Skimmers, gulls, terns (9 species) • Rynchops albicollis Indian Skimmer. Conservation Significance: Globally Threatened - Vulnerable; At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; centre (historically, Harmand 1878-1879), south (historically B19 ). Formerly on wide rivers. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. Birds (1998); they overlooked the reference in Harmand (1878- 1879) to groups of skimmers on the Mekong near Savannakhet in 1877. There are no recent records. Formerly small groups visited the southern Mekong in the dry season (Engelbach 1932). It is unclear whether they bred. Larus ichthyaetus Pallas’s Gull (= Great Black-headed Gull, ^K, ^Sm, ^T). Winter visitor; north B9 . Sole Lao record was on the Mekong opposite Chiang Saen (Thailand) in December 1995 (not 1994, contra Duckworth et al. 1998a: 44). Larus brunnicephalus Brown-headed Gull. Non-breeding visitor, mainly in the early dry season; north (RJTiz), centre (historically B22 ), south B2 . Major rivers, feeding along sand banks. Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull (= Common Blackheaded Gull, ^K, ^Sm, ^T). Non-breeding visitor; north (TDE). Major rivers. Singles were observed over the Mekong in Vientiane on 7 November 1998 (TDE) and from Chiang Saen (Thailand) on 26 November 1988 (C. Poole verbally 1998). • Sterna aurantia River Tern. Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north B14 , centre (historically B22 ), south B14 . Wide rivers, mainly along little-disturbed stretches. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Populations have collapsed in the last 50 years. Formerly it was common along much of the Mekong and on some larger tributaries. A few pairs still nest in the far south, and there are sporadic sightings of small numbers north to Xaignabouli Province, but the species is in grave danger of national extinction. Unpublished post-1996 records include a pair at Ban Sompoy (Xe Pian NBCA) on 17 December 1997 and 1-2 at Ban Namkong on 19 December 1997. Both sites are on the Xe Kong river in Attapu Province (Robichaud 1998e). Birds were still present at Ban Sompoy in early 1998 (RJTiz). The 3-4 pairs that breed around Ban Hangkhon (Champasak Province) are absent during June - October (Cunningham 1998). How far they move and what habitats they use during the high flow season is unclear. • Sterna albifrons Little Tern. Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; south B14 . Wide rivers, especially stretches with many sand-bars. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). In southern Lao PDR it was an abundant breeder along the Mekong (Engelbach 1932) but only one pair has been found recently and national extinction appears imminent. • Sterna acuticauda Black-bellied Tern. Conservation Significance: Globally Threatened - Vulnerable; At Risk in Lao 117
Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north (Round 1995), centre (historically B22 ), south (provisionally B2 ; historically B19 ). Formerly rivers, lakes, marshes and cultivation; now restricted to the least disturbed stretches of wide rivers, or extirpated. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Black-bellied Terns formerly nested in large colonies along much of the Mekong. They dispersed during the rainy season to pools and flooded areas away from major rivers. Single birds were seen recently in the main Mekong channel at Chiang Saen (Thailand) and (provisionally) Khonphapheng falls (U. Treesucon in Round 1995, Thewlis et al. 1998). Chlidonias hybridus (= C. hybrida, ^K) Whiskered Tern. Presumed passage migrant; north (historically B20 ), centre (historically B22 ), south (RJTiz). Wide rivers, marshes, lakes, flooded land. The only recent records are of 3-4 over a large pool on the Bolaven Plateau and dozens along the middle Xe Kong in September 1996 (RJTiz), and one on the Xe Kong in April 1998 (JWKP). There is no reason to assume a decline has occurred as even historically the species was scarce (e.g. David-Beaulieu 1949-1950). Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern. Presumed passage migrant; north (historically; see below), centre B16 , south B15 . Wide rivers, likely also to visit other substantial wetlands. There are no published primary records from the north, but a single was observed from Chiang Khong (on the Thai bank of the Mekong) on 21 May 1966 by E. C. Dickinson (in litt. to T. P. Inskipp 1997). Conservation Management and Research Proposed for Skimmers, gulls and terns: • Identification and complete protection of all remaining nesting areas of terns and skimmers (see waders for detail). Breeding tern species are in imminent danger of national extinction. Indian Skimmer has already disappeared. As nesting areas are typically highly localised, protective activity needs to involve prohibition, or at least regulation, of access to individual sand-bars supporting colonies or pairs. Major changes in river use (e.g. prevention of access to entire stretches of river) are most unlikely to be needed. • Understanding of wet-season movements of these species, in case they are threatened in non-breeding areas. Accipitridae: Osprey, bazas, kites, vultures, harriers, hawks, buzzards, eagles (35-36 species) Pandion haliaetus Osprey. Winter visitor, occasional summer records (David-Beaulieu 1944); north B2 , centre (historically B22 ), south B2 . Around large water bodies. Special Significance: CITES Appendix II. 118 • Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon’s Baza. Conservation Significance: Globally Near-Threatened; CITES Appendix II. Not At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear, may breed; north, centre, south B14 . Open or fragmented evergreen and mixed deciduous forest and regrowth up to at least 520 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). There are recent records of nine singles in four areas from Phou Khaokhoay NBCA south to the Cambodia border (Table 11). Historically, only one was recorded. A June record from Phou Khaokhoay NBCA (DAS) suggests that birds may breed in Lao PDR. Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza. Resident, probably throughout (Duckworth et al. 1998a), numbers greatly augmented by passage migrants and perhaps winter visitors; north, centre, south B2 . Open forest, secondary growth, trees within cultivated land and villages; chiefly lowlands and foothills. Special Significance: CITES Appendix II. Pernis ptilorhyncus Oriental Honey-buzzard (= Crested Honey-buzzard, ^T); (included in P. apivorus Eurasian Honey-buzzard by ^K). Resident probably throughout, numbers greatly augmented by passage migrants and perhaps also winter visitors; north, centre, south B2 . Open and forested areas. Special Significance: CITES Appendix II. Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite (= Black-winged Kite, ^Sm). Documented Range and Habitat: Resident; north B1 , centre, south B2 . Open country, including cultivation, from plains to 1200 m. Occurrence seems patchy and densities seem low, but there is no evidence of a decline. Special Significance: CITES Appendix II. • Milvus migrans Black Kite (separated as M. lineatus Blackeared Kite by ^Sm). Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Documented Range and Habitat: Passage migrant and scarce winter visitor; north, centre B14 , south (historically B19 ). Open areas, particularly near water; up to 1200 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Three singles and a group of two were seen in three areas. One freshly-caught captive was seen in a Vientiane temple. The only subsequent records are of singles over the Mekong in Vientiane on 7 November 1998 (TDE) and 15 January 1999 (RJTiz) and over the Plain of Jars (Xiangkhouang Plateau) on 14 February 1999 (JWD). The resident form M. m. govinda occurs in adjacent Cambodia and Thailand, but seems not to have been recorded in Lao PDR (Thewlis et al. 1998). If M. lineatus is separated as a species, govinda remains with migrans. Recent records were not identified to race except for the captive and that over the Plain of Jars, both of which were lineatus. Dates of recent observations (except two in early 1999) fit with passage migrants; formerly the bird was abundant in winter (Thewlis et al. 1998).
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
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At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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Page 175 and 176: LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
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Page 181 and 182: Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
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Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
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Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
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• Specific surveys to gain cleare
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Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
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m in limestone karst. Status Inform
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Duckworth in press). Status Informa
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[• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
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Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
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ear action and management plan and
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Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
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[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
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• Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
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Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
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Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
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China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
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1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
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Table 15. Summary of observations o
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ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
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Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
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areas during the rainy season (Deuv
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• Consideration of appropriate me
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wide-ranging field experience in In
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the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
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The three squirrels most commonly t
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Lao range to merit designation as a
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Conservation Management and Researc
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ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
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of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
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ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
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Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
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1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
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• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
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[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
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east Thailand, that had apparently
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ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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