Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS Abbreviations Note: abbreviations specific to an individual chapter (e.g. those for frequently cited reference sources) are detailed at the front of the chapter in question. ARL At Risk in Lao PDR (see conventions) CARL Conditionally At Risk in Lao PDR (see conventions) CESVI Cooperazione e Sviluppo CIDSE Coopération Internationale pour le Developpement et la Solidarité. CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora CPAWM Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management of DoF DD Data Deficient (see conventions) DoF Department of Forestry of MAF FOMACOP Forest Management and Conservation Project GNT Globally Near-Threatened (see conventions) GT-CR Globally Threatened - Critical (see conventions) GT-EN Globally Threatened - Endangered (see conventions) GT-VU Globally Threatened - Vulnerable (see conventions) GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit IUCN The World Conservation Union LKL Little Known in Lao PDR (see conventions) LSFCP Lao-Swedish Forestry Cooperation Programme MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane MNHN Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. NBCA National Biodiversity Conservation Area NHM Natural History Museum, London and Tring, UK; formerly BM(NH) NR Nature Reserve PARL Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR (see conventions) PNBCA Proposed National Biodiversity Conservation Area Prov. PA Provincial Protected Area s.s. sensu stricto; used with species names where the content of the species varies. For example reference to Hylobates concolor (s.s.) does not include the forms gabriellae, siki and leucogenys, although some authors do include these forms within the species (see species account for further detail). SSC Species Survival Commission of IUCN STENO National Office for Science, Technology and Environment. WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, U.K. WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WWF WorldWide Fund for Nature/World Wildlife Fund (North America only) • (at the start of a species account): the species is considered to be a key species: one of special conservation significance. Conventions Global Threat Categories These categories are taken from the 1996 IUCN Red List of threatened animals (IUCN 1996) or, for birds, Collar et al. (1994). They relate to the threat to the survival of the species across its entire world range. Globally Threatened - Critical (GT-CR): the species faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. Sometimes ‘Critically Endangered’ is used. Globally Threatened - Endangered (GT-EN): the taxon is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. Globally Threatened - Vulnerable (GT-VU): the taxon is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the mediumterm future. Globally Near-Threatened (GNT): the taxon is close to qualifying for Vulnerable. Data Deficient (DD): a taxon for which there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of global extinction in the wild. This category does not imply that the species is certainly Globally Threatened, and further data could show that the species is presently secure globally. All species occurring in Lao PDR classified as Data Deficient (globally) by IUCN (1996) are clearly potentially or actually at risk in Lao PDR. These categories are discussed and defined formally (sometimes quantitatively) in IUCN (1996). Other categories listed there (e.g. Conservation Dependent) are not currently relevant to any species in Lao PDR. Lao PDR Risk Categories These categories relate specifically to the threat to survival of the species in Lao PDR. Elsewhere in its world range, it may be secure, even numerous. The classification system is taken from Thewlis et al. (1998), with modifications. Categories have been assigned to individual species specifically for the present work. vii
At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this category is roughly equivalent at a national level to the Globally Threatened categories of IUCN (1996). Minor amendments (see Thewlis et al. 1998) result in the exclusion of some species for which the only threat is long-term habitat loss and which might be considered ‘Vulnerable’ following the criteria of IUCN (1996). Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR (PARL): this category includes species (a) suspected to be At Risk in Lao PDR but where information about threats or species status is insufficient to make a firm categorisation, and (b) species on or close to the borderline of At Risk in Lao PDR. Conditionally At Risk in Lao PDR (CARL): this category includes species which are not confirmed to be currently extant in Lao PDR, but if they are, will clearly be At Risk in Lao PDR. Usually, this judgement is made by analogy to the status of related species. This category is used with reptiles and mammals, but not birds: bird species now apparently extinct as breeders may recolonise from neighbouring countries, and some (perhaps all) of them continue to visit Lao PDR as non-breeders in small numbers. Thus, categorisation of them as At Risk in Lao PDR is more appropriate. Little Known in Lao PDR (LKL): this category provides for species where the conservation status is difficult to assess, i.e. those with detection or identification problems, or where fieldwork within their preferred range and habitats has been restricted, or where threats or species status are not clear for other reasons. The Lao risk categories ARL/PARL/LKL are intended to be roughly equivalent to the global threat categories GT/ GNT/DD applied at a national level. In order to forestall ambiguity, similar and therefore potentially confusable terms (e.g. ‘threatened in Lao PDR’/ ’near-threatened in Lao PDR’/ ’data deficient in Lao PDR’) were deliberately not chosen. A species of bird or large mammal not assigned a Lao risk category is assessed to be secure in Lao PDR in the shortto medium-term. There are too few data for reptiles, amphibians, bats, murid rodents and insectivores to make conservation risk status assessments for all species. CITES Trade Categories These categories reflect the level of threat posed by international trade. Unlike global threat categories and Lao risk categories, which are merely designations to highlight a species’s status, CITES categories have a regulatory effect in trade between countries which are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Appendix I: Species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade. Trade in specimens between parties is only authorised in exceptional circumstances (although import and export for scientific purposes may be permitted). Appendix II: Species which although not necessarily now threatened with extinction may become so unless trade in specimens is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid overutilisation. Species may also be listed in Appendix II because of their similarity to more threatened species, as an aid to viii enforcement. Commercial trade in wild specimens listed on Appendix II is permitted between members of the convention, but is controlled and monitored through a licensing system. Miscellaneous definitions The region ‘Indochina’ indicates Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam. Site names follow, where possible, the gazetteers of historical and recent Lao survey localities in Thewlis et al. (1998), Evans and Timmins (1998) and Duckworth et al. (1998a). These in turn were standardised to follow the République Democratique Populaire Lao Service Geographique d’Etat (SGE) 1:100,000 map series, with a few exceptions. For example, features straddling international boundaries were given their most usual international name, e.g. Annamite mountains rather than Sayphou Louang. In deference to widespread current usage, the map name ‘Nakay’ (as used by Thewlis et al.) is changed here to ‘Nakai’. Showler et al. (1998a) used ‘Phou Ahyon’ for the area spelled ‘Phou Ajol’ in Thewlis et al. (1998); the massif is not named on the map series. Vientiane Municipality is also known as Vientiane Prefecture. Some of the map names are known to be erroneous, particularly with respect to transcription of Lao language into Roman characters. Rectifying these mistakes to produce a linguistically pure list of site names would be an enormous undertaking. More importantly, it is of very limited value to wildlife conservation to know whether Xaignabouli Province might better be spelt Sayabouri, Xaiaboury, or any of the various other ways in which readers may encounter it: such knowledge is unlikely to affect conservation activity within it. Therefore, no changes are made on such grounds. Gazetteers in the above sources list co-ordinates and altitudes, except for some historical sites for which the locality was not traced. Names of sites used in the present work, but not in any of the foregoing gazetteers, are spelt as on the standard map series where possible. Otherwise, spelling from the original source is retained. Name elements of existing and proposed NBCAs follow Berkmüller et al. (1995a). Thus Nam Phoun is used here, in favour of Nam Phoui, although the latter is in wider current usage. Common Lao language elements in place names are: ban, village; don, island; dong, forest; doy, mountain; houay, river; lak, kilometer; muang, district capital town; nam, river; nong, pool or small lake; pa, forest; pak, river mouth; pha, exposed rocky peak (usually limestone); phou, mountain or peak; phouphiang, plateau; sayphou, ridge; sop, river mouth; thon, open area; vang, deep river pool; and xe, river. The map presentation for names incorporating lak is followed here, so that these names can be located by non-speakers of Lao. Spoken forms of sites of wildlife significance are: Ban Lak Kao: Ban Lak (9) Ban Lak Xao: Ban Lak (20) Ban Lak Xaophet: Ban Lak (28) Ban Lak Hasipsong: Ban Lak (52)
Page 2 and 3: IUCN - The World Conservation Union
Page 4: PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Page 15 and 16: List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
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1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
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no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
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Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
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Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
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Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
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• Specific surveys to gain cleare
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Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
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m in limestone karst. Status Inform
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Duckworth in press). Status Informa
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[• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
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Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
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ear action and management plan and
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Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
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[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
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• Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
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Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
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Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
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China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
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1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
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Table 15. Summary of observations o
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ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
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Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
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areas during the rainy season (Deuv
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• Consideration of appropriate me
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wide-ranging field experience in In
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the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
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The three squirrels most commonly t
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Lao range to merit designation as a
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Conservation Management and Researc
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ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
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of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
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ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
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Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
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1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
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• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
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[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
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east Thailand, that had apparently
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ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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