Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report • Clarification of the balance of diurnal / nocturnal activity of weasels and badgers in Lao PDR, to aid in survey planning. The low stature of weasels and ferret badgers means that camera trapping may not be a useful technique to survey them. • Assessment of the level of fisheries-otter conflict and the effects (if any) of fish-stock depletion on otter populations. • Investigation of the effects of explosives fishing and other illegal fishing techniques on otters. • Investigation of the need for government intervention over stock predation; civets are frequent small livestock predators in rural Lao PDR (Table 2). Herpestidae: Mongooses (2 species in Lao PDR; 37 worldwide) Herpestes javanicus Small Asian Mongoose (= Javan Mongoose M2 ); (includes H. auropunctatus Small Indian Mongoose M1, M4 and H. javanicus Javan Mongoose M4 ). North M12 , centre M12 , south M12 . Dry dipterocarp forest, grasslands and other open areas, also secondary vegetation. Apparently rather local: Duckworth (1997a) traced few recent records, and Delacour (1940) no historical ones. Taxonomic issues: Two taxa were formerly recognised and Deuve (1972) recorded both for Lao PDR; being partly sympatric, they were considered full species. Wells (1989) argued on morphological grounds that the two were not distinct. Further information (notably skulls and other specimens) from across the range would clarify the situation. Herpestes urva Crab-eating Mongoose. North M12 , centre M12 , south M12 . Evergreen forest (including degraded areas), mainly near water; most recent records are from mountainous areas. Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Duckworth (1997a). Felidae: Cats (8-9 species in Lao PDR; 36 worldwide) [Felis catus (included in F. silvestris M6 ) Domestic Cat]. Feral populations may occur around human settlements (Corbet and Hill 1992), but none has yet been documented in Lao PDR. Given the ease with which domestic cats form feral populations in a wide variety of ecological/climatic zones, the occurrence of feral populations in Lao PDR seems highly likely; the lack of documentation may be due primarily to a lack of interest in them. • Felis chaus Jungle Cat. Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Documented Range and Habitat: North (historically, provisionally, Deuve 1972), centre (RJTiz), south (historically, provisionally, Deuve 1972). Open deciduous forest and other habitats lacking a closed 192 tall canopy, e.g. grassland; usually not far from rivers (Deuve 1972). Status Information: Delacour (1940) traced no historical records, and the sole historical evidence for this species’s occurrence in Lao PDR appears to be Deuve (1972), who stated that Jungle Cat inhabited open forest and grassy savanna between Pakkading and Pakxe, being abundant along the road from Pakkading to Thakhek. There is only one recent record: a single seen by car headlights in degraded flatland mixed deciduous forest in Boulapha District, Khammouan Province, at 21h00 on 4 May 1999 (RJTiz) There is also a claim based on village interviews from the nearby Nakai Plateau (WCS 1996b). Jungle Cat is now rare in Thailand (Graham and Round 1994; S. Jaisomkom verbally 1997) and has presumably decreased in Lao PDR for similar reasons. Jungle Cat shuns dense forest (Prater 1971) and in Lao PDR, the more open areas generally support higher human presence and thus hunting pressure. Thus, among small cat species, Jungle Cat’s decline is likely to be the most severe; all the others have been recorded recently from large little-degraded blocks of dense forest. It is considered to be At Risk in Lao PDR. Prionailurus bengalensis (= Felis bengalensis M1, M2, M3, M4 ) Leopard Cat. North M12 , centre M12 , south M12 . Evergreen and deciduous forest and adjacent degraded areas from the Mekong plains to at least 1200 m. Historical and recent records of Leopard Cat are much more numerous than are those of other cats (Delacour 1940, Duckworth 1997a); the reasons for this presumed greater abundance are unclear. Duckworth (1997a) reviewed records prior to 1997. Subsequently the species has been confirmed in several other survey areas. Its former status as a species of special conservation concern (Salter 1993b) is now shown to be unwarranted. Special Significance: CITES Appendix II. • Prionailurus viverrinus (= Felis viverrina M1, M2, M4 ) Fishing Cat. Conservation Significance: Globally Near-Threatened; Little Known in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Documented Range and Habitat: North (Tizard 1996), south M11 . Recent records were in hill evergreen forest and lowland riverine forest amid open deciduous forest. Status Information: Two recent records: one in the Nam Pan river, Nam Theun Extension NBCA, in early 1996 (WCS 1996b) and one in the Xe Xou lowlands, Dong Ampham NBCA in January 1997 (Davidson et al. 1997). The first was in evergreen forest, the second in dense riverside tangles amid dry dipterocarp forest at 300 m (RJTiz). There is also a provisional record from Nam Kan PNBCA (J.-F. Reumaux in litt. 1998), and reports from several other areas (Table 12). Delacour (1940) traced no historical records. Deuve and Deuve (1963c, quoting Cheminaud 1942) and Deuve (1972) recorded the species provisionally along the Mekong around Ban Houayxai (Bokeo Province) and in the lower Nam Ou (Louangphabang Province).
Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality records in Lao PDR, 1992-1998. Site/Area Altitude Date Source Notes • Catopuma temminckii (= C. temmincki M7 ; = Felis temminckii M4 ; = F. temmincki M1, M2 ) Asian Golden Cat (= Asiatic Golden Cat M4, M7 ; = Golden Cat M5 ; = Temminck’s Cat). Conservation Significance: Globally Near-Threatened; Little Known in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix I. Documented Range and Habitat: North M9 , centre (Tobias 1997), south (Steinmetz in prep.). Many habitats: little-degraded evergreen forest, bamboo regrowth, scrub and degraded forest. From Mekong plains to at least 1100 m. Status Information: The several recent sightings (Table 14) involved a mix of colour phases. None was of the complex-patterned so-called ‘tristis’ form. There are plausible reports from several other areas (Table 12). Several have been held in both Ban Keun zoo and in Ban Lak (20). Historical specimens come from the north (Xiangkhouang, Ban Laophouchai and Louangphabang), but two are merely pelts (Thomas 1927, Osgood 1932). The species seemed not uncommon in Xiangkhouang Province (David-Beaulieu 1944). Deuve (1972) reported the species from the Savannakhet plain. In total, recent records are more numerous than for any other small / medium cat in Lao PDR except Leopard Cat. Furthermore, tracks suggested that in Nam Phoun NBCA, this species was “possibly relatively more abundant than the other cat species” (Boonratana 1997). Nonetheless, threat levels are unclear (skins are traded at least on the Myanmar - Thai border close to Lao PDR; Davidson 1999), so the species is considered Little Known in Lao PDR. (Plate 15) • Pardofelis marmorata (= Felis marmorata M1, M2, M3, M4 ) Marbled Cat. Conservation Significance: Data Deficient (Global); Little Known in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix I. Documented Range and Habitat: North M16 , centre M13 , south Large Mammals Moung Boun-nua, hills / March 1996 WGR skin of one reportedly killed five days Phongsali Province mountains earlier 17 km distant 1 Nam Et / Phou Louey unknown 1998 Davidson 1998 two locally preserved specimens seen NBCAs Louang-Namtha unknown 1996 M. Meredith one locally preserved specimen seen verbally 1996 Sangthong District 220 m March 1996 Duckworth 1996a field sighting of single (by day) in bamboo Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA 1100 m February 1997 Tobias 1997 camera-trapped (by night) Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA 650 m December 1998 Robichaud 1999 field sighting of single (by day) in evergreen forest (provisional) Near Nam Kading NBCA 300 m early 1995 Evans et al. freshly-killed in scrub near village in prep. b Xe Pian NBCA lowland early 1997 Steinmetz in prep. found dead in semi-evergreen forest 2 The record from Dong Ampham NBCA in Davidson et al. (1997) was intended to indicate merely a report. 1 photograph retained at WCS Vientiane (Plate 15). 2 skull preserved at WWF Thailand office, Bangkok. (provisionally, historically, Deuve 1972). Recent records come from evergreen forest at 1000-1350 m. Status Information: Both recent field sightings, in Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA (Duckworth 1998) and in Nam Xam NBCA (Showler et al. 1998b), were by day. The skin of one shot in March 1996 along the Nam Ngay river (about 1000 m; Phongsali Province), is retained at WCS Vientiane (WGR; Plate 15). A skin was seen on the Nakai Plateau (Evans et al. in prep. b) and a stuffed animal shot in Nam Ha NBCA is portrayed in Phiapalath (1996). S. Chape (verbally 1998) was given a photograph (retained at IUCN Vientiane) of a fresh dead Marbled Cat from Muang Sing (Louang-Namtha Province) in about 1996. The reliability of reports from other areas (Table 12) is low, as village information is plagued by confusion with Clouded Leopard (Showler et al. 1998a, Davidson 1998) and probably with other patterned cats. No captives have been documented. All recent sites are in or near mountains. Delacour (1940) traced a historical record only from Xiangkhouang, also a high-altitude area. Deuve (1972) recorded the species only at Khemmarat and Khinak (Mekong lowlands of the far south) but gave no details. With so few records, and uncertain threats (although skins are traded at Tachileik on the Myanmar - Thai border close to Lao PDR; Davidson 1999) the species is clearly Little Known in Lao PDR. M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, • Pardofelis nebulosa (= Neofelis nebulosa M7 ) Clouded Leopard. Conservation Significance: Globally Threatened - Vulnerable; At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix I. Documented Range and Habitat: North (JWKP), centre M13 , south M11 . Habitat use in Lao PDR unclear: recent sightings from unencroached hill evergreen forest and 193
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
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At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
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List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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Page 155 and 156: Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
Page 175 and 176: LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
Page 177 and 178: 1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
Page 179 and 180: no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
Page 181 and 182: Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
Page 183 and 184: Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
Page 185 and 186: Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
Page 187 and 188: • Specific surveys to gain cleare
Page 189 and 190: Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
Page 191 and 192: m in limestone karst. Status Inform
Page 193 and 194: Duckworth in press). Status Informa
Page 195 and 196: [• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
Page 197 and 198: Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
Page 199 and 200: ear action and management plan and
Page 201 and 202: Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
Page 203 and 204: [• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
Page 205: • Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
Page 209 and 210: Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
Page 211 and 212: China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
Page 213 and 214: 1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
Page 215 and 216: Table 15. Summary of observations o
Page 217 and 218: ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
Page 219 and 220: Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
Page 221 and 222: areas during the rainy season (Deuv
Page 223 and 224: • Consideration of appropriate me
Page 225 and 226: wide-ranging field experience in In
Page 227 and 228: the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
Page 229 and 230: The three squirrels most commonly t
Page 231 and 232: Lao range to merit designation as a
Page 233 and 234: Conservation Management and Researc
Page 235 and 236: ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
Page 237 and 238: of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
Page 239 and 240: ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
Page 241 and 242: Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
Page 243 and 244: 1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
Page 245 and 246: • Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
Page 247 and 248: [Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
Page 249 and 250: east Thailand, that had apparently
Page 251 and 252: ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
Page 253 and 254: 1997). Forest habitats, probably at
Page 255 and 256: REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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