Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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captive in a village on the Xe Don plains in 1925. It was retrospectively identified provisionally as this species from features noted at the time; it could not be purchased (Engelbach 1932). The published description is inadequate to confirm such an astounding record. C. R. Robson (in litt. 1998) concurs with this assessment. Phylloscopus chloronotus Lemon-rumped Warbler (= Palerumped Warbler, ^Sm 2 ); (included in P. proregulus Lemonrumped Warbler by ^K, ^Sm 1 , ^T); (not distinguished from P. sichuanensis Chinese Leaf Warbler in most references). This species’s close similarity to Chinese Leaf Warbler (see that species) means that historical records cannot now be accepted. We have traced no historical specimens from Lao PDR (but many possible ones have not yet been re-examined) and therefore remove the species from the Lao list following PDR’s re-examination of Thai specimens, which revealed that P. chloronotus is very rare in Thailand. Tickellia hodgsoni (= Abroscopus hodgsoni, ^K) Broadbilled Warbler. A single individual was recorded from Xiangkhouang Province in February 1940 by David-Beaulieu (1944). This record was cited in Thewlis et al. (1998) as the only one for Lao PDR. However, Dickinson (1970b) had already re-identified the specimen as a Chestnut-crowned Warbler. Although he then stated that “[Broad-billed Warbler is] already known from Northern Laos”, this appears to have been an error and no other record from Lao PDR is known (E. C. Dickinson in litt. 1999). This species’s occurrence in Lao PDR is, however, certainly possible. Garrulax perspicillatus Masked Laughingthrush. This species was recorded for Lao PDR in Oustalet (1899-1903) on Birds the basis of a specimen collected by Harmand in 1877. Harmand’s record was referred to by Delacour and Jabouille (1931, 1940), but the species is not listed for Lao PDR in King et al. (1975). It seems likely that some other species was being referred to by Oustalet (1899-1903) as he also listed perspicillatus for Cochinchina and Thailand, two other areas with no subsequent records. Alcippe cinereiceps Streak-throated Fulvetta. The statement that the species inhabits north-east Lao PDR in King et al. (1975) resulted from confusion over a specimen of A. ruficapilla danisi from Phou Kabo (Xiangkhouang Province). There is thus no evidence that cinereiceps occurs in Lao PDR, although occurrence in the north is possible (C. R. Robson in litt. 1998) and it has recently been found in Vietnam at the latitude of south Lao PDR (J. C. Eames verbally 1999). Nectarinia calcostetha Copper-throated Sunbird. Sources including this as a member of the Lao avifauna are apparently based on the predictive report in McNeely (1975). Occurrence is unlikely as the species lives mainly in mangroves and other coastal vegetation (Wells 1985). Amandava amandava Red Avadavat. Sources including this as a member of the Lao avifauna are apparently based on the predictive report in McNeely (1975). Occurrence is very likely. Carpodacus nipalensis Dark-breasted Rosefinch. Sources including this as a member of the Lao avifauna are apparently based on the predictive report in McNeely (1975). Occurrence, at least occasionally, seems very likely. 159
LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J. Timmins, K. Khounboline, R. E. Salter and P. Davidson INTRODUCTION Species Included The following list includes all species of large mammal recorded (in some cases, provisionally) from Lao PDR, or believed likely to occur. ‘Large mammals’ are taken as those identifiable under typical field conditions (see Dorst and Dandelot 1970), with some modification to keep related species together. For example, most squirrels can be identified in the field, so even though species of Hylopetes are difficult to separate, all squirrels are treated in this chapter. Conversely, while some insectivores, bats and rats are readily identifiable under field conditions, most are not, so all species in these groups are considered in subsequent chapters. Species are listed as confirmed in Lao PDR only where a documented record has been traced. Portrayal of parts of Lao PDR in generalised range maps (e.g. Lekagul and McNeely 1977, Corbet and Hill 1992) is not sufficient, as most maps extrapolate to some degree. Compared with birds, recent recording of mammals in Lao PDR has been less complete, and documentation of historical specimens less thorough. There seem to be no confirmed Lao records yet for several species likely to occur (or formerly to have done so), some of which are of high conservation concern (e.g. Wild Water Buffalo). Species likely to occur in Lao PDR are included in the following list (in square brackets). To place them in an appendix of hypothetical species would deflect attention from them, yet many merit high priority in conservation planning. Some of the species listed recently and/or widely for Lao PDR for which no acceptable evidence has been traced, and which seem unlikely to occur, are relegated to an appendix at the back of this list. Other species have been claimed from Lao PDR but inclusion in the appendix is restricted to those listed in otherwise authoritative sources or other cases where genuine confusion may result. Domestic species are not discussed at all if there is little likelihood of the establishment of feral populations, based on known behaviour and habitat requirements (e.g. horse, donkey). The four domestic species listed (dog, cat, cattle and water buffalo) are squarebracketed as there is no recent evidence of feral populations in Lao PDR. There is reasonable historical evidence and/or good behavioural or ecological reasons to expect that feral populations of all four could exist, or may once have done so, within Lao PDR. Well over a hundred species defined here as large mammals are likely to occur in Lao PDR. A precise total of species so far confirmed from the country would mean little. The pace at which further species are being confirmed to occur, and the ongoing investigation of groups of uncertain taxonomy (notably lorises, langurs, pigs, muntjacs and squirrels) would make any calculated figure obsolete within months of publication. Taxonomy and Scientific Nomenclature Sequence, species limits and scientific names follow Mammals of the Indomalayan Region (Corbet and Hill 1992), with, in addition to the incorporation of species discovered subsequently, two exceptions: 1. the gibbon taxon siki is regarded as a race of Hylobates leucogenys, not of H. gabriellae (Geissmann 1995); 2. the pig taxon bucculentus is considered a full species, not questionably synonymous with Sus verrucosus (Groves et al. 1997). Alternative species limits or scientific names in selected works are given: M1 Prater (1971), M2 Lekagul and McNeely (1977), M3 Payne et al. (1985), M4 Corbet and Hill (1991), M5 M6 Corbet and Hill (1992), Wilson and Reeder (1993) and M7 IUCN (1996). World species totals for families are taken from Wilson and Reeder (1993), adjusted to reflect differing family limits in Corbet and Hill (1992). For example, Corbet and Hill separated flying squirrels Pteromyidae from non-flying squirrels Sciuridae, while Wilson and Reeder placed all species within Sciuridae. English Names No single source lists English-language names for all Lao large mammals. While careful consideration about the role and desirable characters of common names has been given to the region’s birds (e.g. King et al. 1975, Sibley and Monroe 1990, Inskipp et al. 1996), this subject has received little attention for mammals, despite its high conservation importance (see Pine 1993). Thus, an English name has been selected for each species, using the principles (of non-ambiguity, stability of usage, accuracy and brevity) of King et al. (1975) and Inskipp et al. (1996). Comprehensive listing of all alternatives to the selected name would be impracticable and of limited value, but a selection is given, including all those in the following sources: M1 Prater (1971), M2 Lekagul and McNeely (1977), M3 Payne et al. (1985), M4 Corbet and Hill (1991), M5 Corbet and Hill (1992) and M7 IUCN (1996). These include all of the books in wide use in Lao PDR containing English names of mammals. A separate document explaining the choice of individual names is under preparation. Distribution and Habitat National distribution for each species is indicated according to the three-way split of Lao PDR into north, central and south (see Introduction). A primary source is cited for each region, with a focus on recent (post-1988) information in refereed journals rather than data in internal survey reports 161
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
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At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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Page 177 and 178: 1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
Page 179 and 180: no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
Page 181 and 182: Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
Page 183 and 184: Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
Page 185 and 186: Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
Page 187 and 188: • Specific surveys to gain cleare
Page 189 and 190: Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
Page 191 and 192: m in limestone karst. Status Inform
Page 193 and 194: Duckworth in press). Status Informa
Page 195 and 196: [• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
Page 197 and 198: Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
Page 199 and 200: ear action and management plan and
Page 201 and 202: Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
Page 203 and 204: [• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
Page 205 and 206: • Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
Page 207 and 208: Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
Page 209 and 210: Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
Page 211 and 212: China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
Page 213 and 214: 1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
Page 215 and 216: Table 15. Summary of observations o
Page 217 and 218: ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
Page 219 and 220: Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
Page 221 and 222: areas during the rainy season (Deuv
Page 223 and 224: • Consideration of appropriate me
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wide-ranging field experience in In
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the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
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The three squirrels most commonly t
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Lao range to merit designation as a
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Conservation Management and Researc
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ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
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of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
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ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
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Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
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1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
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• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
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[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
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east Thailand, that had apparently
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ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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