Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Species Eurasian Otter No recent records Smooth-coated Otter Probably widespread Oriental Small-clawed Otter Probably widespread Binturong Probably widespread Clouded Leopard Probably widespread Leopard Probably widespread Asian Elephant Several notable populations Gaur Widespread in low numbers INDETERMINATE NATIONAL PRIORITY Four-eyed Turtle North and Annamites Asiatic Softshell Turtle Widespread Bengal Monitor Widespread Water Monitor Widespread Burmese Python Widespread Reticulated Python Widespread King Cobra Widespread Cotton Pygmy-goose Small numbers in south Pale-capped Pigeon Scattered records Pompadour Green Pigeon Now, Vientiane only; major decline Watercock Scattered small numbers Purple Swamphen Scattered small numbers River Lapwing Widespread; viability unclear Lesser Fish Eagle Small numbers at many sites Grey-headed Fish Eagle Small numbers at 2-4 sites Asian Pied Starling North-west only; no recent records Chestnut-vented Nuthatch Sole Lao site under threat Laughingthrush sp. A One site in south-east Asian Golden Weaver Small numbers in south Silvered Langur Small numbers in south Phayre’s Langur Large range in north and centre but no known large populations [Yellow-cheeked Crested Gibbon] May occur in far south Large-spotted Civet Known from only two sites Owston’s Civet Probably very local Fishing Cat Probably widespread Asian Golden Cat Widespread Marbled Cat Widespread, probably patchy Heude’s Pig Unclear Annamite Muntjac Unclear Roosevelts’ Muntjac Unclear SHORT- TO MEDIUM-TERM NATIONAL PRIORITY All other key species LONG-TERM NATIONAL PRIORITY All other species Notes: Status in Lao PDR +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +++ ? ? +++ +++ ++++ +++ +++ ? +++++ ++++ +++++ ++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++ ? + +++ ? ? ? ++++ +++++ +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ ? ? +++++ +++++ (+++++) +++++ +++++ ? + ? ++++ ++++ +++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ? ++++ ++++ +++ ? ? ++++ ++++ ++++ ++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ ? + + + + 0 + + ? 0 0 +++? ? ? +++ ? ? +++ +++ ++++ ? ? ? Introduction Low? Moderate? Moderate? Low? High? Moderate? High High High Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Low Low? Moderate? Low? Low? Low? Moderate Moderate Low Low Low High Moderate? Moderate Moderate? Moderate? High High Moderate? Moderate Moderate? High High High Species are listed only if there is a validated record, or a reasonable claim of their occurrence in Lao PDR. Species where it seems possible that the national breeding population is nearly or already extinct are marked ‘breeding status?’. Species in bold face are of international conservation significance (listed in Collar et al. 1994 or IUCN 1996). The degree of threat is reflected in the number of ‘+’ signs. ‘0’ indicates that the factor currently presents no substantial threat. 5 Habitat loss 1 Harvesting2 Trade3 Current threats from Global significance of Lao populations 37
Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report 1 Threats from habitat loss are intended to represent those relating directly to the habitat degradation or fragmentation, and to reflect current / very recent practices. In reality, habitat modification has, for most mammal and large bird species listed here, its most direct effect through increased hunting levels. 2 Assessments are intended to indicate the threats from non-selective and opportunistic hunting, and specific hunting for home consumption; threats from hunting driven by national / international trade are not included. Vulnerability to harvesting is assessed subjectively using several features: day / night activity (diurnal animals are at greater risk from opportunistic hunting than are nocturnal animals), ground-living vs arboreal (ground-living animals are at risk from snares and other non-selective ground traps, arboreal animals are so only when they descend to the ground), habitat choice (species frequenting habitat types favoured by people, e.g. open flatland areas on fertile soil, are likely to be exposed to higher opportunistic hunting levels than are those occurring only in dense evergreen forest), local taste (Table 1, supplemented with subsequent unquantified experience) and other pertinent factors. Thus, box turtles are assessed to be at high risk from hunting as they are terrestrial, diurnal, avidly eaten, cannot run away, are hunted using dogs, and under steep decline. Conversely, Spotted Linsang (although there are few records) is assessed as at much lower risk from hunting as it is nocturnal, at least partially arboreal, does not appear to be specifically favoured for food, and lives in large barely penetrable tracts of hill forest. Harvesting assessments in parentheses indicate incidental threats during operations harvesting other species or resources, and pest control operations, as well as directed harvesting. Nest loss by disturbance to sandbar nesting birds, and dolphin death in fishing nets, are included in the first category. 3 Trade threats do not include those from local trading within the rural economy (which are considered here to form part of ‘harvesting’). The threat indicated here is that assessed as being driven by the financial rewards from the trade to supply international markets or those in a distant part of Lao PDR. 4 The following bird species are not confirmed to persist in Lao PDR, or are now known only as seasonal visitors. It seems quite likely that all are extinct as breeders. If breeding populations of any were found, they would merit treatment as Acute action priority: Indian Skimmer, Black-bellied Tern*, White-bellied Sea Eagle, Darter*, Great Cormorant, Black-headed Ibis, Spot-billed Pelican*, Painted Stork*, Asian Openbill* and Black-billed Magpie. Asterisked (*) species have been recorded recently and protection of any sites used regularly, even by non-breeders, is of High priority. 5 For the following migrant bird species, causes of decline or scarcity may lie outside Lao PDR and thus action within Lao PDR may not serve any purpose. Were the primary, or a major contributory, cause of the At Risk status found to lie in Lao PDR, the species’s national action priority would need re-assessment: Wood Snipe*, Black Kite*, Greater Spotted Eagle*, Imperial Eagle*, Lesser Kestrel, Black Stork* and Grey-sided Thrush*. Asterisked (*) species have been recorded recently and appropriate protective measures at any sites used regularly may be of High priority. Criteria for assignment of action priority category: Priorities are assessed from a national perspective. The international priorities can be deduced by combining the priority assessment with information in the global importance column. Acute: species with very low and/or drastically reduced population levels, and that are unlikely to persist in Lao PDR unless all remaining populations and their habitats receive effective protection. High: species that can still be maintained at viable levels in Lao PDR, but only if immediate and effective action to address the threats to them is taken; all are particularly vulnerable to habitat modification and / or hunting (and usually the interaction between these), and are likely soon to be reduced to critical levels if action is not taken. Indeterminate: poorly known species that there are reasonable grounds for thinking that they may be under threat to the extent of being of Acute or High national priority, but for which status information is lacking. Assessments are made on the best available information and are subjective. In some cases extrapolations are made from other countries / related species, to give the best indication for action. In cases where threats really are unclear, a question mark is used. Note that the assessments for birds differ from those in Thewlis et al. (1998), as the latter used an international perspective to assign priority for action. Criteria for assignment of global significance category: The contribution of the current Lao population to the conservation of the species is assessed, using maintenance of population numbers, of ancestral range or of genetic diversity (e.g. a well-marked subspecies endemic to Indochina is considered of higher significance than would be the same population if it belonged to a species not or weakly differentiated from those in neighbouring countries). Very high: Species is very close to global extinction. High: Species has a small global population and / or restricted range, and Lao populations comprise a significant proportion of remaining individuals; or subspecies potentially close to global extinction. Moderate: Species has a small regional (Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand) population but is more numerous outside the region, or has a large regional population but is limited in distribution outside the region, and Lao numbers comprise a significant proportion of remaining individuals. Low: The species occurs in good numbers in at least one of Cambodia, Vietnam or Thailand and there is no obvious special role of the Lao population in international conservation. *Species is not confirmed to be extant in Lao PDR; assessment relates to Lao population if found to be present. 38
Page 2 and 3: IUCN - The World Conservation Union
Page 4: PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
Page 7 and 8: Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
Page 9 and 10: At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
Page 11 and 12: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Page 13 and 14: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Page 15 and 16: List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Page 17 and 18: Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
Page 51: Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
Page 103 and 104:
Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
Page 177 and 178:
1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
Page 179 and 180:
no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
Page 181 and 182:
Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
Page 183 and 184:
Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
Page 185 and 186:
Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
Page 187 and 188:
• Specific surveys to gain cleare
Page 189 and 190:
Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
Page 191 and 192:
m in limestone karst. Status Inform
Page 193 and 194:
Duckworth in press). Status Informa
Page 195 and 196:
[• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
Page 197 and 198:
Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
Page 199 and 200:
ear action and management plan and
Page 201 and 202:
Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
Page 203 and 204:
[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
Page 205 and 206:
• Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
Page 207 and 208:
Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
Page 209 and 210:
Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
Page 211 and 212:
China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
Page 213 and 214:
1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
Page 215 and 216:
Table 15. Summary of observations o
Page 217 and 218:
ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
Page 219 and 220:
Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
Page 221 and 222:
areas during the rainy season (Deuv
Page 223 and 224:
• Consideration of appropriate me
Page 225 and 226:
wide-ranging field experience in In
Page 227 and 228:
the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
Page 229 and 230:
The three squirrels most commonly t
Page 231 and 232:
Lao range to merit designation as a
Page 233 and 234:
Conservation Management and Researc
Page 235 and 236:
ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
Page 237 and 238:
of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
Page 239 and 240:
ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
Page 241 and 242:
Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
Page 243 and 244:
1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
Page 245 and 246:
• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
Page 247 and 248:
[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
Page 249 and 250:
east Thailand, that had apparently
Page 251 and 252:
ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
Page 253 and 254:
1997). Forest habitats, probably at
Page 255 and 256:
REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
Page 257 and 258:
Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
Page 259 and 260:
ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
Page 261 and 262:
mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
Page 263 and 264:
Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
Page 265 and 266:
Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
Page 267 and 268:
ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
Page 269 and 270:
ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
Page 271 and 272:
ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
Page 273 and 274:
Species Key species: status Current
Page 275 and 276:
ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
Page 277 and 278:
Species Association with wetlands R
Page 279 and 280:
Annexes with respect to the strengt
Page 281 and 282:
4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
Page 283 and 284:
Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
Page 285 and 286:
5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
Page 287 and 288:
Species Global Lao threat status ri
Page 289:
Species Global Lao threat status ri
show all

Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?