Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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oth are patchily distributed, suggesting that large areas of habitat will need protection. • Investigation of (1) international trade, as several species imported to Japan in the 1980s under CITES documentation had Lao PDR indicated as the point of origin or export (Annex 2), although they did not necessarily originate here; and (2) domestic trade in raptors with formulation of control measures if necessary. Various species are hunted, primarily for food, and both dead and live specimens are traded in urban markets (Baird 1993, Annex 1). The claws of raptors are used in traditional medicine (Martin 1992). Live-caught animals are often kept as pets (Baird 1993; WGR). Podicepedidae: Grebes (1 species) Tachybaptus ruficollis (= Podiceps ruficollis, ^K) Little Grebe. Resident; north B9 , centre B10 , south B2 . Marshes, pools, lakes and slow streams up to at least 1200 m. Anhingidae: Darters (1 species) • Anhinga melanogaster Darter (separated as A. melanogaster Oriental Darter by ^K, ^Sm, ^T). Conservation Significance: Globally Near-Threatened (as A. melanogaster, s.s.); At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north B14 , centre (historically B22 ), south B14 . Rivers, marshes, pools; recent records from lowlands, but historical records from up to 1200 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Historically, Darters were widespread and numerous. Numbers have plummetted and recently there have been only sporadic records from southern Champasak Province and two sightings, presumably of a wandering bird, in Nam Kading NBCA. Small numbers (under ten) were seen regularly in May - July around Ban Hangkhon (Champasak Province) in 1997, but not in other months (Cunningham 1998; RJT). All recent sightings are during the wet season or very late dry season (e.g. two at the mouth of the Xe Pian in April 1998; JWKP). Robichaud (1998e) received reports in December 1997 of two on the Xe Kong near Ban Sompoy (Xe Pian NBCA) “two days ago”, suggesting at least occasional mid dry season occurrence. Phalacrocoracidae: Cormorants (2 species) • Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant. Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north (historically, Oustalet 1898), centre (historically B22 ), south B14 . Mekong, major tributaries and adjacent marshes, now only of the extreme lowlands, but formerly to at least 1000 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). The species seems to be in long-term decline. A century ago it was common even in north Lao PDR (Oustalet 1898). Fifty years ago it was recorded occasionally in south and central Lao PDR (Engelbach 1932, David-Beaulieu 1949- 1950). Recently it has been recorded only in southern Champasak Province. The Mekong south of Ban Hangkhon has provided the bulk of recent records, with at least 28 positively identified as this species there in May 1996. Flocks sometimes totalling over 100 small cormorants (mainly this species but perhaps including some P. fuscicollis Indian Cormorant) were observed flying upstream from Cambodia during March - May 1997 (Cunningham 1998). • Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant. Conservation Significance: At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north (historically B21 ). Mekong River. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). The species may be in long-term decline; there were numerous past records from north Lao PDR (Oustalet 1898, Delacour and Greenway 1940a, David-Beaulieu 1944), but there are no recent records from anywhere in the country. Delacour and Jabouille (1940) recorded it throughout Lao PDR but we have traced no primary records from the centre or south. Conservation Management and Research Proposed for Cormorants and darters: • Identification and protection of any remaining key habitat areas, including their fish stocks; conservation of mainstream Mekong and other large river fisheries may need to be addressed. • Legal protection of all species from hunting. • Complete protection of any nesting areas from unregulated human access during the breeding season. • Education campaigns, including continuation for several years of the nation-wide CPAWM/WCS poster campaign depicting Darter and other large waterbirds. • Collaboration with Cambodian authorities in the fishery conservation work which has been occurring since 1993 in the main area supporting these species (the southern Mekong). Ardeidae: Herons, egrets, bitterns (15 species) Birds Egretta garzetta Little Egret. Small numbers possibly present all year, but much less scarce in winter and, especially, on passage; north B9 , centre B10 and south B2 . Marshes, paddyfields, lakes, river banks; up to at least 800 m. The complex patterns of seasonality of occurrence were discussed by Duckworth et al. (1998a), but more information is needed. Subsequently, Cunningham’s (1998) year-round observations 123
Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report at Ban Hangkhon (Champasak Province) found the species absent in July - August, but small numbers have been seen all year at Ban Sivilai, Vientiane Province (JWKP). • Ardea cinerea Grey Heron. Conservation Significance: Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Winter visitor; north, centre, south B14 . Lakes, pools, marshes, rivers and exceptionally paddy-fields, up to at least 800 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Small numbers (under a dozen) have been widely recorded in both protected and unprotected areas across the country, including 11 recent survey areas (Table 11). Historically it was often described as common and it is likely that a decline has occurred. A count of 38 along the Mekong at Savannakhet town in late January 1997 (JAW) is the highest recent count in Lao PDR, and flocks of at least 25 have been seen around Vientiane (T. Hansel verbally 1998). The listing of the species as At Risk in Lao PDR in Thewlis et al. (1998: Table 3) was a typographical error: Appendix 2 gave the correct category. • Ardea purpurea Purple Heron. Conservation Significance: Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Mainly winter visitor, possibly local breeder; north, centre, south B14 . Marshes, well-vegetated pools, exceptionally paddy-fields, up to at least 800 m. Status Information: Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998). Small numbers (under a dozen) have been widely recorded in both protected and unprotected areas across the country, including 11 recent survey areas (Table 11). Historically it was often described as common and it is likely that a decline has occurred. Juveniles were seen in Dong Khanthung PNBCA in July 1998, raising the possibility of local breeding (Round 1998). One was seen in a market in southern Champasak Province (Cunningham 1998). Unpublished records include single birds at Ban Sivilai and near Phou Khaokhoay NBCA (JWKP). The listing of the species as At Risk in Lao PDR in Thewlis et al. (1998: Table 3) was a typographical error: Appendix 2 gave the correct category. Casmerodius albus (= Egretta alba, ^K, ^T) Great Egret. Passage migrant and winter visitor; north B9 , centre B16 , south B2 . Paddy-fields, lakes, rivers, marshes. Mesophoyx intermedia (= Egretta intermedia, ^K, ^T) Intermediate Egret (= Plumed Egret, ^K). Passage migrant and winter visitor; north B9 , centre B16 , south B2 . Paddy-fields, lakes, marshes, river banks. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret. Passage migrant and winter visitor; north B9 , centre B16 , south B2 . Paddy-fields, pasture, marshes, rivers; often near livestock. Records prior to 1996 were summarised in Duckworth et al. (1998a). 124 Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron. Mainly winter visitor and passage migrant; north, centre, south B2 . No evidence of breeding, although birds oversummer in the north (David- Beaulieu 1944) and even perhaps the south B2 . Ponds, marshes, river and stream banks, paddy-fields. Records prior to 1996 were summarised in Duckworth et al. (1998a). Butorides striatus Little Heron (= Striated Heron, ^Sm). Probably mainly winter visitor, also at least local breeder; north B1 , centre, south B2 . Rivers, streams and pools, often in or near forests; up to 1220 m. Breeding behaviour was seen at Khonphapheng falls (Champasak Province) in February 1993. • Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron. Conservation Significance: Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Seasonal status unclear; north (Parr and Parr 1998), centre (historically, Robinson and Kloss 1931), south B2 . Marshes in vicinity of stands of trees. Status Information: The few recent records are: up to four in the Northern Zone wetlands of Xe Pian in winter 1992-1993 (Claridge 1996, Thewlis et al. 1996); one near Ban Hangkhon (Champasak Province; Cunningham 1998); regular sightings of up to ten at Ban Sivilai, Vientiane Province (Parr and Parr 1998; PD); occasional birds heard over Vientiane by night (JWKP); and singles in markets at Ban Lak (52) and (twice) southern Champasak Province (Cunningham 1998; RJTiz). Historically, the species was seen along the Mekong (two localities between Vientiane and Savannakhet; Robinson and Kloss 1931), the lower Xe Don and the Xe Kong, and at Salavan (Engelbach 1927, 1932). It was common in Xiangkhouang Province during September - December (David-Beaulieu 1944). This species is vulnerable to disturbance and persecution in the generally small groves of trees within wetlands where it concentrates to roost and nest. Furthermore, these are often felled, and the open areas used by the species are often chosen for human settlement. These negative factors doubtless limit the numbers and distribution of the species, thus it should be considered Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR. Gorsachius melanolophus Malayan Night Heron. Seasonal status unclear, presumed to breed; north B14 , centre B16 , south B14 . Streams, rivers and forest floor in evergreen and mixed deciduous forest, secondary growth and bamboo; probably mainly lowland but up to at least 830 m. Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Thewlis et al. (1998) who classified the species as Little Known in Lao PDR. They omitted records of calling birds from the Nam Theun Extension PNBCA in Tizard (1996). There are post-1996 records from Nam Theun Extension PNBCA (same area), Dong Khanthung PNBCA, Dong Nathat Conservation Area (Savannakhet Province) and Dong Ampham NBCA (Tobias 1997, Davidson et al. 1997, Round 1998, Evans in prep.) indicating that the species can
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
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At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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Page 175 and 176: LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
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Page 181 and 182: Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
Page 183 and 184: Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
Page 185 and 186: Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
Page 187 and 188: • Specific surveys to gain cleare
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Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
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m in limestone karst. Status Inform
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Duckworth in press). Status Informa
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[• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
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Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
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ear action and management plan and
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Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
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[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
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• Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
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Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
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Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
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China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
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1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
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Table 15. Summary of observations o
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ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
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Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
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areas during the rainy season (Deuv
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• Consideration of appropriate me
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wide-ranging field experience in In
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the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
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The three squirrels most commonly t
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Lao range to merit designation as a
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Conservation Management and Researc
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ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
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of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
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ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
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Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
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1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
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• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
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[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
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east Thailand, that had apparently
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ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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