Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report Table 13. Hog Badger field records in Lao PDR, 1997-1998. Site/Area Altitude Date Source Notes Nam Phoun NBCA hills April / May Boonratana 1997; field sighting of single (by day) 1997 RB in mixed deciduous forest Phou Khaokhoay NBCA 600-700 m 29 Nov. 1996 JWKP field sighting of single (by day) Nam Theun Extension 600-800 m May 1997 WGR field sighting of single (about 16h00) PNBCA in evergreen forest Edge of the Nakai Plateau 550 m late 1998 RB dead animal in a village (Plate 1) Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA 1200 m Dec. 1998 Robichaud 1999 field sighting of single (by day) Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA 900 m Dec. 1998 Robichaud 1999 field sighting of single (by day) Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA unknown late 1998 WGR feet found in a Vietnamese poachers’ camp (Plate 14) Nakai- Nam Theun NBCA about 600 m May 1998 J. Baker verbally one, freshly killed, seen in a village 1999 Hin Namno NBCA 200-400 m early 1998 Walston in prep.; pelt and claws of an animal recently J. L. Walston killed nearby in evergreen forest verbally 1998 Phou Xang He NBCA unknown unknown Boonratana photograph of an animal held at the 1998b; RB NBCA headquarters; lacks detail Nam Ghong Provincial PA hills early 1998 RJTiz skin for sale along nearby road (Plate 14) Dong Ampham NBCA 840 m early 1997 Davidson et al. old skull in Ban Taigieu village 1997; WGR Details on a record from Xe Kaman lowlands in Davidson et al. (1997) can no longer be traced; it may have been an error. of the Nam Theun basin (and perhaps widely elsewhere) seek the species specifically for food (J. Baker verbally 1999). Dogs reportedly track scents to setts and at least some dogs in Lao PDR attack Hog Badgers readily and may seek and kill them of their own accord (J. Baker verbally 1999, BLS). As a ground-living mammal, it is susceptible to snaring. Being diurnal and not wary it can be taken opportunistically by people and dogs during other activities in the forest. The species has been observed on most surveys in and around the Nam Theun catchment, indicating that it can be common and observable in some areas. The contrasting paucity of direct sightings elsewhere suggests that it is either naturally patchy in abundance or under widespread decline. Thus, Hog Badger is categorised as Little Known in Lao PDR. (Plates 1, 14) • Melogale personata Large-toothed Ferret Badger (= Burmese Ferret Badger M2, M1, M4 ). Conservation Significance: Little Known in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Centre M17 , south (historically) M18 . Habitat use in Lao PDR unclear. Status Information: See below. A skull was found in Khammouan Limestone NBCA in early 1998 (Robinson and Webber 1998a). The species was previously common on the Bolaven Plateau (Osgood 1932, Delacour 1940). • Melogale moschata Small-toothed Ferret Badger (= Chinese Ferret Badger M1, M4 ). Conservation Significance: Little Known in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: North 188 (historically) M18 . Habitat use in Lao PDR unclear. Status Information: See below. No recent field records; previously very common around Xiangkhouang and Phongsali (Delacour 1940). Status Information on Ferret badgers: Several ferret badgers have been taken into captivity at Ban Lak (20) and singles, not identified to species, were seen in the Louang- Namtha market in early 1997, and running across a road in Sangthong District, Vientiane, in January 1997. The road ran through an area of scrub and degraded forest (RJTiz). Parts of all badgers are used in traditional medicine (Baird 1995b). • Lutra lutra Eurasian Otter (= Common Otter M2, M1 ; = European Otter M4 ). Conservation Significance: Conditionally At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix I. Documented Range and Habitat: North (historically) M18 . Habitat in Lao PDR unknown. Status Information: See below; no recent records. Recorded only from Phongsali (Delacour 1940), as claims from across Lao PDR in Deuve and Deuve (1963c) and Deuve (1972) cannot be upheld (Duckworth 1997a). Although sometimes stated to be mainly montane in tropical Asia (Corbet and Hill 1992), recent work in Thailand (Kruuk et al. 1994) suggests that this species could occur widely in Lao PDR and at a variety of altitudes. Given the level and type of recent survey work in Lao PDR, the statement by Conroy et al. (1998: 25) that “[Lutra lutra is] believed to be extinct in Laos” is premature.
[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Otter]. Conservation Significance: Globally Threatened - Vulnerable; Conditionally At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Context: Recorded from Annam, Vietnam (Osgood 1932), and even considered to be common in central Annam by Delacour (1940). May therefore be found in lowland south Lao PDR. • Lutrogale perspicillata (= Lutra perspicillata M1, M2, M3, M7 ) Smooth-coated Otter (= Smooth Otter M3 ; = Smooth Indian Otter M1 ). Conservation Significance: Globally Threatened - Vulnerable; At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Documented Range and Habitat: North (historically) M18 , south M8 . Rivers and probably other water-bodies. Status Information: See below. Recently recorded only from Xe Pian NBCA (Duckworth 1997a) and Nam Ghong Provincial PA (a group of five on a rocky stream amid open deciduous forest at 150- 200 m, in early 1998; RJTiz), but many signs of large otters found at various localities may belong to this species. Historically recorded from Xiangkhouang, Pakxe and Ban Thateng on the Bolaven Plateau (Delacour 1940); common in at least the former (David-Beaulieu 1944). • Aonyx cinerea (= Amblonyx cinereus M6 ) Oriental Smallclawed Otter (= Small-clawed Otter M2 ; = Clawless Otter M1 ; = Short-clawed Otter). Conservation Significance: Globally Near-Threatened; At Risk in Lao PDR; CITES Appendix II. Documented Range and Habitat: North M12 , centre M12 , south M11 . Rivers and streams through forest and adjacent degraded areas. Status Information: See below. Records of this species (usually tracks) come from several areas (Table 12), with recent sight records from Nakai-Nam Theun and Dong Ampham NBCAs and the Nakai Plateau (Duckworth 1997a, Davidson et al. 1997), and, provisionally, the Dakchung Plateau (Showler et al. 1998a). The only historical record is from Ban Thateng, Bolaven Plateau (Delacour 1940). Status Information on Otters: Otters were reported during 90% of 1988-1993 village interviews (n = 328) and remain widely distributed (Annex 5). However, sightings are infrequent on surveys and populations of all species may be low and dispersed, although sign densities suggest that some populations (e.g. in the Nam Theun basin) are locally healthy. Villagers frequently refer to two sorts of otters, one with ‘duck’s’ feet and one with ‘dog’s’ feet. The former may refer to Eurasian and/or Smooth-coated Otters and the latter to Oriental Small-clawed Otter, although Crab-eating Mongoose was suggested by Bergmans (1995). Lowe’s Otter Civet could be a further confusion. Ecological findings in Thailand (Kruuk et al. 1994) challenge some previous assumptions about ecological separation between otter species. Kruuk et al. (1993) indicated that, with experience, clear footprints can be identified to species. Even identification of direct sightings of the larger species is difficult. Large Mammals Otter footprints / spraints were found, or local reports were received, widely on recent surveys (Table 12). Field sightings of big otters come from few areas. Those prior to 1997 were documented by Duckworth (1997a). Two subsequent ones have been traced: 5-7 animals in Nam Theun Extension PNBCA in May 1997 in little-degraded evergreen forest (about 550 m) at about 08h00 (WGR), and the Smoothcoated Otters in Nam Ghong Provincial PA (see species account). Otters are stated by some villagers to be competitors for fish (Baird 1992, Showler et al. 1998b). They are trapped widely (e.g. Baird 1992, Annex 1) for their fur. Reportedly, Cambodians purchase otter pelts in southern Lao PDR and skins from the north go to Chinese and Vietnamese traders (Baird 1993, Nash 1997, Davidson 1998, Robichaud 1998b). In Nam Theun Extension PNBCA a device reportedly for trapping otters consisted of a thick line run across a stream with small lines run off it terminating in large fish-baited hooks (WGR). In Nam Et NBCA, hunters prepare fish-baited explosives for otters (Davidson 1998). Various parts are used in traditional medicine (Baird 1995b). These threats, coupled with historical information on sighting rates in Indochina (Monestrol 1952) indicate that all species of otter are At Risk in Lao PDR. Because there are no recent records of Lutra lutra, and none ever of L. sumatrana, these species are listed as Conditionally At Risk in Lao PDR. Viverridae: Civets, linsangs, palm civets, otter civets (9-11 species in Lao PDR; 34 worldwide) Viverra zibetha Large Indian Civet. North M12 , centre M12 , south M12 . Tall forest both evergreen and deciduous, and adjacent degraded areas, over at least 200-1000 m. Few recent records from below 400 m. Records prior to 1997 were reviewed by Duckworth (1994a, 1997a). Taxonomic issues: The recently-described species V. tainguensis (see below) resembles this species. As V. tainguensis is currently known only from seven specimens, further analysis is needed before an assessment can be made of whether Lao field sightings of V. zibetha should be re-assessed as only provisional records. (Plate 14) [Viverra tainguensis Taynguyen Civet]. This newly described species from Vietnam (Sokolov et al. 1997) is known from Tonkin to the Tay Nguyen Plateau at 21º29’N south to 14º34’N (Rozhnov and Pham Trong Anh 1999). It may therefore be found in Lao PDR. • Viverra megaspila Large-spotted Civet. Conservation Significance: Potentially At Risk in Lao PDR. Documented Range and Habitat: Centre M12 , south M12 . Recent records came from lowland evergreen/semi-evergreen forest (including 189
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Crombie, USNM. Tanya Chan-ard allow
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At Risk in Lao PDR (ARL): this cate
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List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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Page 151 and 152: Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
Page 175 and 176: LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
Page 177 and 178: 1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
Page 179 and 180: no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
Page 181 and 182: Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
Page 183 and 184: Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
Page 185 and 186: Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
Page 187 and 188: • Specific surveys to gain cleare
Page 189 and 190: Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
Page 191 and 192: m in limestone karst. Status Inform
Page 193 and 194: Duckworth in press). Status Informa
Page 195 and 196: [• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
Page 197 and 198: Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
Page 199 and 200: ear action and management plan and
Page 201: Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
Page 205 and 206: • Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
Page 207 and 208: Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
Page 209 and 210: Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
Page 211 and 212: China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
Page 213 and 214: 1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
Page 215 and 216: Table 15. Summary of observations o
Page 217 and 218: ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
Page 219 and 220: Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
Page 221 and 222: areas during the rainy season (Deuv
Page 223 and 224: • Consideration of appropriate me
Page 225 and 226: wide-ranging field experience in In
Page 227 and 228: the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
Page 229 and 230: The three squirrels most commonly t
Page 231 and 232: Lao range to merit designation as a
Page 233 and 234: Conservation Management and Researc
Page 235 and 236: ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
Page 237 and 238: of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
Page 239 and 240: ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
Page 241 and 242: Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
Page 243 and 244: 1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
Page 245 and 246: • Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
Page 247 and 248: [Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
Page 249 and 250: east Thailand, that had apparently
Page 251 and 252: ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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