Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES B. L. Stuart INTRODUCTION Knowledge of which species occur where is fundamental to conservation of biodiversity, yet the amphibian and reptile composition of Lao PDR has long remained unknown. Previous reports on the herpetofauna (Gressitt 1970, Salter 1993b) are based largely on secondary, regional accounts or are extrapolations from documented occurrence in adjacent countries. Even the single attempt to catalogue any component of the herpetofauna, Deuve’s Serpents du Laos (1970), contains suppositions and records that could not be traced to museum specimens by this author. Some small museum collections were made by various workers earlier in the century, yet no attempt has been made to compile these records. Recent surveys by the author, supplemented with specimen and photographic contributions of other conservation workers and the holdings of specimens in various museums, have recorded at least 166 species of amphibians and reptiles for Lao PDR. Presented here is an inventory of the known conservation status, distribution, and habitat use of the amphibians and reptiles of Lao PDR. Records of most species listed here are verifiable with voucher specimens. Sight records of only the more easily identified species (platysternid, testudinid and some emydid turtles, monitors, pythons and King Cobra), and photographic records only of species of unambiguous taxonomy have been included to maintain a conservative list. With the exceptions of two species of turtles whose names are contained in brackets and of Siamese Crocodile, interview reports of species that were unconfirmed with voucher specimens have not been used, because of easily mistaken identifications and incongruencies between folk and scientific taxonomy. Because exploration of the herpetofauna of Lao PDR is still in its infancy, the following inventory is not exhaustive. Species should not be considered limited in Lao PDR to the reported habitats, elevation, or range, as further sampling will certainly expand these aspects for many of the species. The habitat descriptions and elevations are based on specimens encountered in the field by the author or on data associated with other Lao records: extrapolations from habitat use in neighbouring countries have not been made. Most of the sampling to date has been conducted in the central region, with the north and other areas over 1000 m being particularly under-represented. A number of taxa have proven difficult to identify. These will require further studies and in some cases, a revision of the genus, before specific names can be properly assigned. These have been included only to the genus, except for several frogs which are listed under ‘groups’. CONVENTIONS Nomenclature is primarily from Zhao and Adler (1993) and R. F. Inger (in litt. 1998-1999), with supplementations from Ernst and Barbour (1989) and Taylor (1962, 1963, 1965). Common names, when available, mostly follow Cox (1991) and Ernst and Barbour (1989). A bullet (•) indicates that the species is considered a Key Species (those of special conservation significance). These are species listed by the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (IUCN 1996) or determined by the author as meriting categorisation as At, Potentially At, or Conditionally At Risk, or Little Known, in Lao PDR (see general Introduction). Species included in Appendix I or Appendix II of CITES (WCMC 1998) are listed in Annex 3. The revised list of key species is presented in Annex 6. Species of high national conservation priority are identified in Table 6. [Brackets] are placed around the names of two species of turtles that probably occur in Lao PDR, but for which only tentative records currently exist. These unverified records were included because of their conservation significance. Lao ranges are given as north, centre, south and throughout (implying all of these). The north region is divided into ‘vicinity of Vientiane’, ‘Annamite mountains’ and ‘North’ for the remainder of the records which fall within the sector. The centre region is divided into ‘limestone region’, ‘Nakai Plateau’, ‘Annamite foothills’, ‘Annamite mountains’ and ‘Centre’ for the remainder of the records, including market records from Ban Lak (20) and Thakhek. The south sector is divided into ‘Annamite mountains’ and ‘South’ for the remainder of the records (Table 7). Citations refer to field records unless otherwise noted. Field records are specifically stated as such when known for turtles, monitors Varanus bengalensis and V. salvator, pythons Python molurus and P. reticulatus, King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah and Siamese Crocodile Crocodylus siamensis, because of the paucity and importance of field records for these species. All market information is from BLS except where stated. The word ‘specimen’ refers to one or more specimens held in the cited museum. Permission to cite these specimens was granted by the curatorial staff of all listed museums, with the disclaimer that the present author has not personally examined the preserved material and that errors with specimen identifications and locality records do occur. Syntheses are pending of the Lao collections held in the MNHN, Paris, and the NHM, London, as a complete review of these holdings will require a visit to these institutions. All specimens reported from Stuart (1998a-1998e), and a substantial number hitherto not written up, are currently housed in the FMNH, Chicago, and those from Ohler (1997) are believed to be held in MNHN, Paris. ‘Taxonomic Issues’ refer to recent name changes, alternative names that are commonly encountered in the literature for the same taxon, or warn of imminent taxonomic revision. 43
Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report Table 7. Regions and divisions of Lao PDR as used for herpetological records. Collections are abbreviated as follows: AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A. CAS: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, U.S.A. FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A. MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.A. TNSM: Thailand National Science Museum, Bangkok, Thailand. UMMZ: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, U.S.A. USNM: Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, U.S.A. ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Ichthyophiidae: Caecilians (1 species) Ichthyophis sp. Centre in limestone region (Stuart 1998b), Annamite foothills (FMNH specimen) and Annamite mountains (FMNH specimen, Plate 8), probably throughout. Thrives in disturbed areas. Larvae are aquatic and have been found in paddies and buffalo wallows, while adults are terrestrial and live in leaf litter and under ground cover. 200- 700 m. Taxonomic Issues: The taxonomy of this South-east Asian genus is confused, and requires revisionary work before a specific name can be assigned to the Lao specimens. Salamandridae: Salamanders (1 species) • Paramesotritron sp. Salamander sp. Conservation Significance: Little Known in Lao PDR. Documented Range and 44 Region Division Sites North Centre South Vicinity of Vientiane Annamite mountains North Limestone region Nakai Plateau Annamite foothills Annamite mountains Centre Annamite mountains South Vientiane Municipality Nam Theun Extension PNBCA Phou Khaokhoay NBCA, Phou Louey NBCA, all other areas in north region Hin Namno and Khammouan Limestone NBCAs Parts of Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA and Nam Theun Corridor PNBCA Vicinity of Ban Lak (20), mid elevations west of Annamites in Nakai- Nam Theun NBCAand in Hin Namno NBCA Mountains in Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA All other areas in centre region Xe Sap NBCA Dong Khanthung PNBCA, all other areas in south region Habitat: North (FMNH specimen). Habitat unknown at present. Status Information: Known in Lao PDR from seven specimens caught in Xiangkhouang Province, in 1998. Three of these specimens are currently held at FMNH and are being described at the time of writing. Megophryidae: Asian horned frogs (6 species) Leptolalax pelodytoides. North (as Leptobrachium pelodytoides in Ohler 1997, as Micrixalus sp. in Stuart 1998c, FMNH specimen), centre in Annamite foothills (Stuart 1998a) and Annamite mountains (FMNH specimen), south in Annamite mountains (TNSM specimen). On leaf litter and vegetation along streams in evergreen forest. 300-1400 m. Leptobrachium banae. South in Annamite mountains (TNSM specimen). Wet evergreen forest. 1400 m. Leptobrachium pullum. Centre (FMNH specimen from Ban Lak (20) market) and in Annamite foothills (photographed in Nakai-Nam Theun NBCA by R. Boonratana in 1998). Evergreen forest. Taxonomic Issues: Sometimes referred to as L. hasseltii (R. F. Inger in litt. 1998). Megophrys lateralis. North (as Megophrys sp. in Stuart 1998c), centre (FMNH specimen from Ban Lak (20) market) and in Annamite mountains (FMNH specimen; Plate 8). Along fast-flowing streams in evergreen forest. 600-1200 m. Megophrys parva. North (as Megophrys sp. in Stuart 1998c). Single specimen found along rocky stream in evergreen forest. 800 m.
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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PREFACE In 1993 IUCN, in collaborat
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Page 15 and 16: List of Plates ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Re
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LARGE MAMMALS J. W. Duckworth, R. J
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1965), but no detailed fauna has ye
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no hunter could confuse a gibbon, e
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Species Phou Dendin NBCA Large Mamm
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Species Nakai - Nam Theun NBCA Naka
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Species Xe Bang-Nouan NBCA Xe Sap N
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• Specific surveys to gain cleare
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Young White-handed Gibbon, Xaignabo
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m in limestone karst. Status Inform
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Duckworth in press). Status Informa
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[• Hylobates gabriellae Yellow-ch
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Range and Habitat: North M15 , cent
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ear action and management plan and
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Common Palm Civet, Ban Lak (20) mar
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[• Lutra sumatrana Hairy-nosed Ot
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• Hemigalus owstoni (= Chrotogale
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Table 14. Asian Golden Cat locality
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Sun Bear, Xe Pian NBCA, early 1997.
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China and Vietnam (Martin 1992, Sri
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1986, Dobias 1992a, Salter 1989b),
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Table 15. Summary of observations o
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ace of S. scrofa in Lao PDR, S. s.
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Eld’s Deer footprint, Dong Khanth
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areas during the rainy season (Deuv
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• Consideration of appropriate me
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wide-ranging field experience in In
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the headwaters of the Xe Bangfai an
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The three squirrels most commonly t
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Lao range to merit designation as a
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Conservation Management and Researc
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ORDER INSECTIVORA M. F. Robinson IN
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of north-east Laos. In Malaysia it
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ORDER CHIROPTERA: BATS C. M. Franci
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Rhinolophus acuminatus, Dong Khanth
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1992). In Lao PDR has been found ro
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• Hipposideros armiger Great Roun
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[Pipistrellus coromandra Indian Pip
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east Thailand, that had apparently
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ORDER RODENTIA, FAMILY MURIDAE C. M
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1997). Forest habitats, probably at
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REFERENCES Written Allen, G. M. 192
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Laos. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Nat. du
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ats in Phou Khao Khoay NBCA. Vienti
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mittee (draft report). MacKinnon, J
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Robinson, H. C. 1915. On the birds
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Thewlis, R. M., Duckworth, J. W., A
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ANNEX 1 Selected bird and mammal sp
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ANNEX 2 CITES-listed wildlife speci
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ANNEX 3 Amphibian, reptile, bird an
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Species Key species: status Current
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ANNEX 4 Birds and large mammals ass
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Species Association with wetlands R
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Annexes with respect to the strengt
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4 : 5 14 : 20 14 : 16 8 : 9 14 : 16
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Reports of rhinoceroses during vill
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5 : 5 20 : 20 16 : 16 8 : 9 15 : 16
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Species Global Lao threat status ri
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Wildlife of Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report - IUCN

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