Observations and Modelling of Fronts and Frontogenesis

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. TOWED THERMISTOR CHAIN OBSERVATIONS OF UPPER
OCEAN FRONTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC 3
Abstract 3
11.1 Introduction 4
11.2 Instrumentation and data collection 6
11.3 Observations 8
11.4 Analysis 14
II.4.a Statistics 14
II.4.b Spectra 16
11.5 Geostrophic turbulence 21
11.6 Summary 26
11.7 References 44
III. SEMIGEOSTROPHIC WIND-DRIVEN THERMOCLINE UPWELLING
AT A COASTAL BOUNDARY 46
Abstract 46
111.1 Introduction 47
111.2 Model formulation 49
III.2.a Equations 49
III.2.b Matching conditions 56
III.2.c Nondimensionalization 60
III.2.d Outline of numerical method 62
111.3 Thermocline upwelling: numerical results
and discussion 65
111.4 Summary 72
111.5 References 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY 83
APPENDIX A: DYNAMICAL DERIVATION OF A MATCHING CONDITION 86
APPENDIX B: NIJMERICAL METHOD 89