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were concerned with the French Caribbean and then later, New France (Catholic Encyclopedia 1913). The New France missions through time sponsored numerous priests making their rounds through Huron and Iroquois lands and establishing permanent missions. What follows is a brief biographical account of the Jesuits who, at some point in their careers, ministered to the Seneca. It will hopefully become obvious in reading of each individual biography that “missionaries” should never be lumped together, or their intentions over-simplified. The missionary biographies are listed by order of appearance on Seneca territory. Missionary Biographies Fr. Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot Born: March 1611, Burgundy, France; Died Feb 21, 1693 Quebec The boy who became Father Pierre Joseph Marie Chaumonot grew up poor in the French countryside. When he came of age, he was to become a cleric under the tutelage of his uncle. In hopes of going to Beaune with a friend, Chaumonot stole 100 sols from his uncle and fled home, going on a series of adventures. Fearing the legal and familial consequences of his thievery, he remained abroad for many years. After wandering as far as Italy he stumbled upon a Jesuit preaching in the countryside, and was so moved by the sermon that he took the St. Andrew’s novitiate in Rome on 18 May 1632 at 21 years of age. As Chaumonot studied to become a priest, he met Father Poncet de La Rivière, who showed him Father Brébeuf’s Relation of 1636. Upon on reading of Brebeuf’s work with the Mohawks, Chaumonot decided to apply for the missions in Canada, 7
thereby accelerating the time it usually took for a Jesuit’s education to be completed before the final priesthood vows (Canadian Biography). When Chaumonot arrived in New France, he first began preaching in Huron country with Father Poncet. When this venture ended in 1639, he spent time among the Neutrals and elsewhere in Canada. In 1655, the Onondaga had sent ambassadors to Quebec requesting missionaries; following Father Simon Le Moyne’s peace mission in 1654, Chaumonot left Quebec with Father Claude Dablon in September 19 1655 and arrived at Onondaga in early November 1655 (Dictionary of Canadian Biography 2009). From 1655-1658, while he was among the Onondaga, he also made several visits to the Huron refugees on Seneca lands until the Onondaga mission was abandoned. At that point Chaumonot left the area to return to the Hurons (Bihler 1956:84). Fr. Simon Le Moyne Born: October 22, 1604 Beauvais, France; Died: November 24, 1665 Cap-de-la- Madeleine Little is known of Father Simon Le Moyne’s early life, other than his birth year and place. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Rouen, France on December 10, 1622 at only sixteen years of age. Through the Jesuits he was able to study philosophy at the Collège de Clermont in Paris during 1624–27. After completing his studies, he spent the remainder of his novitiate and probationary years in various teaching positions in France. While no mention is made of why he volunteered for the New France missions, he arrived in Quebec on June 30, 1638 (Dictionary of Canadian Biography 2009). He was sent to do mission work in Huron territory, but this did not begin well. A letter from Father François Du Peron, tells of how Le Moyne was abandoned by his 8
Page 1 and 2: A QUESTION OF FAITH: JESUIT MISSION
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on Jes
Page 5 and 6: For Dad, Pap-Pap and Grandma & Gran
Page 7 and 8: Introduction…………………..
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Finger Ring
Page 11 and 12: with the presence of missions or pr
Page 13 and 14: Relations may have been. Next, usin
Page 15: Poverty, sickness, exposure, fatigu
Page 19 and 20: we weep for thee because, in losing
Page 21 and 22: age Father Raffeix also spent his t
Page 23 and 24: appropriate to mention him here. La
Page 25 and 26: necessary satisfaction in mutual gi
Page 27 and 28: The Legend of Sky Woman accounts fo
Page 29 and 30: The earliest writings on Iroquoian
Page 31 and 32: while the life soul helped to carry
Page 33 and 34: Arguably the last thing a prospecti
Page 35 and 36: Onondaga lands (JR 44:23), his lett
Page 37 and 38: Chapel, in order to pray with them
Page 39 and 40: The rest of the letter relays some
Page 41 and 42: ecalled how a party of Iroquois han
Page 43 and 44: at this time the Seneca had just de
Page 45 and 46: y French military conflict. The 168
Page 47 and 48: “Those who trusted him would not
Page 49 and 50: It is uncertain which of the Seneca
Page 51 and 52: ings may have also been secular tra
Page 53 and 54: which are mentioned by Wood (Mason
Page 55 and 56: also argues that the “rings were
Page 57 and 58: espectively, in the archaeological
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3. Ave Maria ring. Image tak
Page 61 and 62: Figure 8. Man with Cross ring. Imag
Page 63 and 64: Biography of General John S. Clark
Page 65 and 66: Auriesville, New York and Kateri Te
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 11. Image of Benedictine Med
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 14. Mary and Jesus Medal Thi
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 18. St. Augustine the Bishop
Page 73 and 74:
CHAPTER 3 AN UPDATED ANALYSIS OF CH
Page 75 and 76:
among the Seneca sites. The earlies
Page 77 and 78:
Menzis The Menzis site is western s
Page 79 and 80:
(1974:100-101). Since additional ex
Page 81 and 82:
“Kirkpatrick site at Rochester Ju
Page 83 and 84:
Huntoon findings. Jordan (2004) des
Page 85 and 86:
Canawaugus was the location of the
Page 87 and 88:
Table 2. Religious Medals from Sene
Page 89 and 90:
Problems and Questions In the Inter
Page 91 and 92:
archaeologically from the church or
Page 93 and 94:
colors, materials, as well as sensi
Page 95 and 96:
eligion into their own. The Indians
Page 97 and 98:
“baptisms.” This is simply to t
Page 99 and 100:
1673 (July): Garnier baptized 43 ch
Page 101 and 102:
Of course, the missions of New Fran
Page 103 and 104:
induce her to consent more readily
Page 105 and 106:
Related to medicine and “magic,
Page 107 and 108:
medals, finger rings and other sacr
Page 109 and 110:
At various times, Garnier, Raffeix
Page 111 and 112:
experienced such a receptive audien
Page 113 and 114:
despite her family’s disapproval.
Page 115 and 116:
Christians comprised “perhaps twe
Page 117 and 118:
For future study, it is also impera
Page 119 and 120:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abler, Thomas S. and E
Page 121 and 122:
New York State Archaeological Assoc
Page 123 and 124:
Snow, Dean R. 1995 Mohawk Valley Ar
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