archaeological and textual records - eCommons@Cornell - Cornell ...

As for other devotional items, the Huntoon site has yielded two copper
crucifixes and five medals. Of these, there are 3 Benedictine-style medals, 1 Mary and
Jesus medal, and 1 communion-style medal.
Townley-Read Site
The Townley-Read site was a principal eastern village, occupied from 1715-
1754 (Jordan 2008:19). “Short longhouses” consisting of 2 families were the preferred
domestic arrangement (Jordan 2008:14). The site had not been excavated when Wood
published, so all data is current. In a recent study on copper alloy materials at the
Townley Read site, Jessica Herlich records 28 “Jesuit style” rings in the Rochester
Museum collections, as well as one additional ring which is currently housed at
Cornell University (Herlich 2009:22). Of the twenty nine rings, nine rings are of the
double-M motif, eight are L-Heart motif; 3 IHS; and 3 “N progression” rings. The
remaining Jesuit rings, as Herlich suggests, show variations to the commonly
acknowledged heart or star designs (2009:25).
Eight medals have been found; 1 Mary and Jesus, 3 indecipherable and 4
possibly not religious in nature. There is also a single copper alloy crucifix affiliated
with the site. As of this writing, Townley-Read is the latest site discovered that
contains specifically Jesuit-related materials.
Late eighteenth century Sites
The Canawaugus, Big Tree and Creek sites were occupied during the last half
of the eighteenth century through the very early nineteenth century. According to
George Hamell:
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