effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

in an animal model M. natalensis infected with human lymphatic filarial parasite, B. malayi and the effect of DEC tr&bnent was taken up in the present study. 1.2 Membrane bound enzymes and haematological parameters In recent years, there had been reports about the possible role of the highly reactive oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of malaria and other parasitic infections (Thumwood er al., 1989; Das et al., 1991; Mahdi and Ahmed, 1991). The production of free radicals in the CNS leads to LPO and degradation of brain lipids, with the loss of membrane integrity that causes irreversible brain cell damage (Tripathi et al., 1994). Recently, presence of mf of B.mallyi in the brain of Mrrrtomys was reported by Paily el al. (1995), but their effect on the brain cells and brain metabolism have not been studied. The ability of eosinophils to kill filarial parasites, Onchocerca wlvulus and Brugia maluyi, under in vitro condition had been demonstrated (Green el al., 1981; Sim et a!., 1982). It was shown that serum eosinophils adhere to 0. wlvulus rnf to depulate, resulting in their death (Gibson et al., 1976). Similarly, Mackenzie (1980) recognized the presence of eosinophils associated with mf in affected lymph nodes, ocular tissues and skin. Eosinophil dependent killing is generally mediated through oxygen dependent and oxygen independent mechanisms (Spry, 1988). When circulating phagocytes are triggered to secrete superoxide anions during parasitic infection. then erythrocytes would be among the first cells to experience increased stress, leading to their membrane damage. The role of fke radicals during Plasmodia1 infections on the host tissues and the enhanced oxidative stress within erythrocytes had been reported by many workers (Etkin and Eaton, 1975; Garnham, 1987). When the membrane bound enzymes are disturbed or inactivated, the concentration of the ions are altered which cause cell injury. (Trump er al., 1979; 1980). Considering the importance of membrane compositional and the hematological changes, the effect of B.malayi on M. natalensis was investigated.
13 Testicular changes Testosterone plays an important role in maintaining secondary sexual characteristics, accessory sex organs, spermatogenesis and the secretory products of the sertoli cells (French and Ritzen, 1973). Testosterone accompanied by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is necessary for spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Initiation of spermatogenesis in monkeys by testosterone alone had been reported, which was associated with a 2- 4 fold elevation of intratesticular androgen concentration (Marshall el a[., 1984). Testosterone alone had been shown to maintain the spermatogenesis qualitatively in a dose dependent fashion in monkeys (Weinbauer et al., 1988). The initiation of spermatogenesis by testosterone and dehydrotestostemne had been reported in mouse (Singh el nl., 1995). The dependence of spermatogenesis on sertoli cell function had been reported by the existence of a blood-testis barrier establishment by the tight junctions between sertoli cells, which modulate the entry of substance into the seminiferous tubules. The nutrient and growth factors required for spermatogenesis have been reported to be kmsported ffom the extratubular environment or synthesized by the sertoli cells and delivered to the developing germinal cells within the tubule (Skinner, 1987). Exhaustive efforts have been made in the search for enzymatic parameters useful as markers of specific events in testicular function. Although some parasitic infections cause alterations In the host's reproductive processess, the effects of B. malayi infection on the animal models have not been evaluated. Testosterone and LDH-X are very sensitive indicators of reproductive function, and 1-GTP acts as an enzyme marker for sertoli cell division.
Page 1 and 2: EFFECT OF INFECTION OF THE FILARIAL
Page 4 and 5: I wish to express my deep sense of
Page 6: 1. INTRODUCTlON 2. REVIEW OF LlTERA
Page 9: As stated earlier, the host immune
Page 14 and 15: 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Filariasis
Page 16 and 17: 2.2 Clinical signs Inflammalation o
Page 18 and 19: the tegument by the release of thei
Page 20 and 21: the compound kills the filarial wor
Page 22: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS COLONY MAI
Page 25 and 26: Ragenb 1. Tris-HCI buffer . : 0.1 M
Page 27 and 28: 3. Reduced glutathione : 30 mM To I
Page 29 and 30: 4.1.1.6 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydro
Page 31 and 32: absorbance of the clear supernatant
Page 33 and 34: -eats I. Lowry's reagent :Solution
Page 35 and 36: 4.1.2.1 Changes in antioxidant enzy
Page 37 and 38: Fig.3: Effect of B.malayi on SOD in
Page 39 and 40: Fig.9: Effect of B.rnalayi on GST i
Page 41 and 42: Fig.12: Effect of 6.rnalayi on GPx
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 18: Effect of B.malayi on G6PD
Page 45 and 46: 12- 3 m- 15- lor, Fig.21: Effect of
Page 47 and 48: Fig.27: Effect of B.malayi on Ascor
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.2.3 Change in the antioxidant e
Page 51 and 52: Fig.35: Effect of B.malayi on CAT i
Page 53 and 54: m 20 0) - 15 9 g 10 il! 5 0 Fig.39:
Page 55 and 56: 30 25 8 - a 20 2 15 C I 10 I 5 0 35
Page 57 and 58: Fig.45: Effect of B.maiayi on GSH i
Page 59 and 60: Fig.49: Effect of B.malayi on Vit-C
Page 61 and 62:
4.1.3 DISCUSSION 4.1 3.1.1 Toxic ox
Page 63 and 64:
1973). The two major systems of LPO
Page 65 and 66:
1981), and their increase in human
Page 67 and 68:
1 0 Fig.58:Relationship between cha
Page 69 and 70:
1 - 0- ' 1 5 - 6 - 7 - Fig.63:Relat
Page 71 and 72:
Catalase had been reported to be re
Page 73 and 74:
- Fig.68:Relationship between chang
Page 75 and 76:
esults in its reduced activity (Con
Page 77 and 78:
g 20- :I-. F1g.70:Relationship betw
Page 79 and 80:
12, - I 0 U) Q 4 2 0 - + - Fig.75:R
Page 81 and 82:
$ Fig.80:Relationship between chang
Page 83 and 84:
Fig.85:Relationship between change
Page 85 and 86:
V) (3 :; - Fig.9O:Relationship betw
Page 87 and 88:
A reduction in the total thiol cont
Page 89 and 90:
2 5- Fig.98:Relationship between ch
Page 91 and 92:
Fig. 103:Relationship between chang
Page 93 and 94:
4.2.1.1 N ay ATPase Reagents Nay AT
Page 95 and 96:
Reagents 1. Acetylcholine bromide :
Page 97 and 98:
To 1.5 ml of carbonate buffer, 1.5
Page 99 and 100:
4.2.1.10 Differential leucocyte cou
Page 101 and 102:
increase in the control animals (Fi
Page 103 and 104:
- Fig.110: Effect of 6. malayi on H
Page 105 and 106:
efflux and thereby alter the membra
Page 107 and 108:
with i n d lymphocytes and decrease
Page 109 and 110:
Tubes were labeled for calibrators,
Page 111 and 112:
Fig.114: Effect of B, malayi on GTP
Page 113 and 114:
433 DISCUSSION Testosterone is a se
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER 4.4 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANG
Page 117 and 118:
Platc 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Pla
Page 119 and 120:
Platc X Plate 9 Plate 10 Plate 11 P
Page 121 and 122:
Plate w: Section of Testes of norma
Page 123 and 124:
4.4.2.1.5 Brain The control animals
Page 126 and 127:
Plate ICt Section of Kidney of infe
Page 128 and 129:
4.4.2.2 Histopathological changes i
Page 130 and 131:
Plate 32
Page 132:
The mf could not be seen in spleen
Page 135 and 136:
ain, it decreased from 0 day itself
Page 137:
inflammatory nature indicative of c
Page 141 and 142:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerman, S.J., Gleich
Page 143 and 144:
Case, T., Leis, B., Witte, M., Way,
Page 145 and 146:
Drabkin, D.L.R. and Austin, J.H. (1
Page 147 and 148:
Fukuota, M., Zhou, Y. and Tanaka.(l
Page 149 and 150:
Jacob, H.S. and Lux, S.E. (1968). D
Page 151 and 152:
Linda, I. and Mayeda, B. (1974). Th
Page 153 and 154:
Murray, H.W. (1981). Susceptibility
Page 155 and 156:
Santiago- Stevenson, D., Oliver-Gon
Page 157 and 158:
Tate, S.S., Thomson, G.A. and Meist
Page 159 and 160:
Zaini, M., Ramachandran, C.P. and E
show all

effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?