effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

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Plate 1: Electrophoresis of LDH -X isoenzymes from testes of M. natalensis infected with B. malayi LDH-I . LDH - 2 LDH - 3 LDH - X LDH - 4 Lane 1 - Control (matured adult) Lane 2 - 30 days post infection Lane 3 - 60 days post infection Lane 4 - 90 days post infection Lane 5 - 120 days post infection Lane 6 - Control (young adult)
433 DISCUSSION Testosterone is a sensitive indicator of the reproductive function (Rikihisa et al., 1984). The present study demonstrates that the testosterone production in the host was decreased in the infected animals. Reduction in testosterone level may be due to degadation or decreased testosterone output from the testes due to parasitic infection (Rikihisa et al., 1985). Decreased number of leydig cells or their topological changes in distribution with reference to blood and lymphatic vessels might cause decreased out put of testosterone in testes. Rikihisa el al. (1985) reported a decrease in rat testosterone due to Taenia taeniafonnis infection. A similar kind of inhibition is reported in Toxoplasma gondii infection (Dias and Stahl, 1984). y-GTP in the testes is primarily found in the sertolt cells of mammals and had been used as a sertoli cell marker in rats (Hodgen and Sherins, 1973; Lu and Steinberger, 1977; Fukuota et a/., 1990)). Hodgen and Sherins (1973) found an abrupt increase in y-GTP activity in prepubertal rat testis which coincided with the cessation of sertoli cell division and their maturation. Krueger er al. (1974) measured 1-GTP activity in testis of vitamin-A deficient rats. The level of this enzyme ~ncreased during germinal cell depletion. The observed increase in y-GTP In B.malayi infected animals suggests that the sertoli cell has been damaged and germinal cells depleted. These adverse effects due to B. malayi infection have been confirmed by the hstopathological studies (sec 4.4.2.1.3). Among vertebrate species, somat~c cells often contain lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in an array of five isoenzymes. The unique LDH-X isoenzyme occurs in the mature testis of mammals (Blackshaw, 1973; Linda and Mayeda, 1974; Taylor and Gutteridge, 1986). It is a unique marker of the germinal cell rnaturatlon and the production of the sperms (Lalwani et al., 19%). Hodgen (1983) show4 the coincidence of LDH-X with the histological appearance of pachytene spematocytes. ltoh and Ozasa (1985) and Aganval el al. (1997) reported impcurment of testicular function due to cadmium chloride administration to rats, i.e., a marked duction in testicular LDH-X. The occurrence of LDH-X either in traces or
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EFFECT OF INFECTION OF THE FILARIAL
Page 4 and 5:
I wish to express my deep sense of
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1. INTRODUCTlON 2. REVIEW OF LlTERA
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As stated earlier, the host immune
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13 Testicular changes Testosterone
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2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Filariasis
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2.2 Clinical signs Inflammalation o
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the tegument by the release of thei
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the compound kills the filarial wor
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3. MATERIALS AND METHODS COLONY MAI
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Ragenb 1. Tris-HCI buffer . : 0.1 M
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3. Reduced glutathione : 30 mM To I
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4.1.1.6 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydro
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absorbance of the clear supernatant
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-eats I. Lowry's reagent :Solution
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4.1.2.1 Changes in antioxidant enzy
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Fig.3: Effect of B.malayi on SOD in
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Fig.9: Effect of B.rnalayi on GST i
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Fig.12: Effect of 6.rnalayi on GPx
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Fig. 18: Effect of B.malayi on G6PD
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12- 3 m- 15- lor, Fig.21: Effect of
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Fig.27: Effect of B.malayi on Ascor
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4.1.2.3 Change in the antioxidant e
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Fig.35: Effect of B.malayi on CAT i
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m 20 0) - 15 9 g 10 il! 5 0 Fig.39:
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30 25 8 - a 20 2 15 C I 10 I 5 0 35
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Fig.45: Effect of B.maiayi on GSH i
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Fig.49: Effect of B.malayi on Vit-C
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3 DISCUSSION 4.1 3.1.1 Toxic ox
Page 63 and 64: 1973). The two major systems of LPO
Page 65 and 66: 1981), and their increase in human
Page 67 and 68: 1 0 Fig.58:Relationship between cha
Page 69 and 70: 1 - 0- ' 1 5 - 6 - 7 - Fig.63:Relat
Page 71 and 72: Catalase had been reported to be re
Page 73 and 74: - Fig.68:Relationship between chang
Page 75 and 76: esults in its reduced activity (Con
Page 77 and 78: g 20- :I-. F1g.70:Relationship betw
Page 79 and 80: 12, - I 0 U) Q 4 2 0 - + - Fig.75:R
Page 81 and 82: $ Fig.80:Relationship between chang
Page 83 and 84: Fig.85:Relationship between change
Page 85 and 86: V) (3 :; - Fig.9O:Relationship betw
Page 87 and 88: A reduction in the total thiol cont
Page 89 and 90: 2 5- Fig.98:Relationship between ch
Page 91 and 92: Fig. 103:Relationship between chang
Page 93 and 94: 4.2.1.1 N ay ATPase Reagents Nay AT
Page 95 and 96: Reagents 1. Acetylcholine bromide :
Page 97 and 98: To 1.5 ml of carbonate buffer, 1.5
Page 99 and 100: 4.2.1.10 Differential leucocyte cou
Page 101 and 102: increase in the control animals (Fi
Page 103 and 104: - Fig.110: Effect of 6. malayi on H
Page 105 and 106: efflux and thereby alter the membra
Page 107 and 108: with i n d lymphocytes and decrease
Page 109 and 110: Tubes were labeled for calibrators,
Page 111: Fig.114: Effect of B, malayi on GTP
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER 4.4 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANG
Page 117 and 118: Platc 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Pla
Page 119 and 120: Platc X Plate 9 Plate 10 Plate 11 P
Page 121 and 122: Plate w: Section of Testes of norma
Page 123 and 124: 4.4.2.1.5 Brain The control animals
Page 126 and 127: Plate ICt Section of Kidney of infe
Page 128 and 129: 4.4.2.2 Histopathological changes i
Page 130 and 131: Plate 32
Page 132: The mf could not be seen in spleen
Page 135 and 136: ain, it decreased from 0 day itself
Page 137: inflammatory nature indicative of c
Page 141 and 142: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerman, S.J., Gleich
Page 143 and 144: Case, T., Leis, B., Witte, M., Way,
Page 145 and 146: Drabkin, D.L.R. and Austin, J.H. (1
Page 147 and 148: Fukuota, M., Zhou, Y. and Tanaka.(l
Page 149 and 150: Jacob, H.S. and Lux, S.E. (1968). D
Page 151 and 152: Linda, I. and Mayeda, B. (1974). Th
Page 153 and 154: Murray, H.W. (1981). Susceptibility
Page 155 and 156: Santiago- Stevenson, D., Oliver-Gon
Page 157 and 158: Tate, S.S., Thomson, G.A. and Meist
Page 159 and 160: Zaini, M., Ramachandran, C.P. and E
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effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

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