effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Filariasis is an important disease of mankind in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and America. Filariasis was known as early as 600-250 BC (Lawrence, 1967). It is a group of human and animal infectious disease caused by nematode parasites belonging to the order filariidea. Parasites known to cause human infections belong to the genera Wuchereria, Brugia, Onchocerca, Dipetalonema, Mansonella, Loo and Dirofilaria. However only two genera Wuchereria and Bnrgia are reponsible for human lymphatic filariasis (Sasa, 1976). 2.1 Life cycle of lymphatic filarial parasite Lymphatic filarial parasite requires two hosts the definitive host-man or vertebrate animal (monkey, cat, rat and jirds) and the intermediate host- mosquito to complete its life cycle (Fig.]). The adult worms live in the lymphatic system and produce mf, which is an embryonic or prelarval stage produced viviparously. The microfilariae are ingested during the blood meal of the vector mosquito. Mf taken up by the mosquito exsheath in the gut and within an hour penetrate the midgut, migrate to the thoracic muscles. In the thoracic muscles the parasite becomes thicker and shorter as compared to the mf and is called the fust stage larva (LI). At about 5th day the L1 moults to become the second stage larva (L2) which is slightly more active than the LI. By 9th - 10th day the L2 moults to become the infective stage (L3). This is a very active stage, which at maturity migrates mainly to the proboscis, but can also be seen in other parts of the mosquito. When the infected mosquito feeds on the human host, L3 larvae are deposited on the skin surface, during the process of probing and prior to the puncture of the host skin with the proboscis. After withdrawal of the proboscis the L3 migrates, gets into the wound and travels to the efferent lymphatics and subcapsular sinus. Approximately 9-10 days after entry the L3 moults to become the fourth stage larva (L4). The final moult occurs at approximately 35-40 days after the entry of L3 (Edeson and Laing, 1959). The L4 larva attains sexual maturity after 25-50 days.
Fig.1 LIFE CYCLE OF LYMPHATIC FILARIAL PARASFTE A- dult LlFE CYCLE OF MOSQUITO 5 dcvdopmcni of rniamfilaria a- Adult mosquito C- micmlilatia , LEggraft D mosquito biting man and hgamg blood with miao6laria c- Lwa E L1 -€F(ssu~sgestege) d- F.fph) F- L2- bmaghgaduh G Fade mosquitoes Ebarticlg L3 luM
Page 1 and 2: EFFECT OF INFECTION OF THE FILARIAL
Page 4 and 5: I wish to express my deep sense of
Page 6: 1. INTRODUCTlON 2. REVIEW OF LlTERA
Page 9 and 10: As stated earlier, the host immune
Page 11 and 12: 13 Testicular changes Testosterone
Page 16 and 17: 2.2 Clinical signs Inflammalation o
Page 18 and 19: the tegument by the release of thei
Page 20 and 21: the compound kills the filarial wor
Page 22: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS COLONY MAI
Page 25 and 26: Ragenb 1. Tris-HCI buffer . : 0.1 M
Page 27 and 28: 3. Reduced glutathione : 30 mM To I
Page 29 and 30: 4.1.1.6 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydro
Page 31 and 32: absorbance of the clear supernatant
Page 33 and 34: -eats I. Lowry's reagent :Solution
Page 35 and 36: 4.1.2.1 Changes in antioxidant enzy
Page 37 and 38: Fig.3: Effect of B.malayi on SOD in
Page 39 and 40: Fig.9: Effect of B.rnalayi on GST i
Page 41 and 42: Fig.12: Effect of 6.rnalayi on GPx
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 18: Effect of B.malayi on G6PD
Page 45 and 46: 12- 3 m- 15- lor, Fig.21: Effect of
Page 47 and 48: Fig.27: Effect of B.malayi on Ascor
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.2.3 Change in the antioxidant e
Page 51 and 52: Fig.35: Effect of B.malayi on CAT i
Page 53 and 54: m 20 0) - 15 9 g 10 il! 5 0 Fig.39:
Page 55 and 56: 30 25 8 - a 20 2 15 C I 10 I 5 0 35
Page 57 and 58: Fig.45: Effect of B.maiayi on GSH i
Page 59 and 60: Fig.49: Effect of B.malayi on Vit-C
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3 DISCUSSION 4.1 3.1.1 Toxic ox
Page 63 and 64:
1973). The two major systems of LPO
Page 65 and 66:
1981), and their increase in human
Page 67 and 68:
1 0 Fig.58:Relationship between cha
Page 69 and 70:
1 - 0- ' 1 5 - 6 - 7 - Fig.63:Relat
Page 71 and 72:
Catalase had been reported to be re
Page 73 and 74:
- Fig.68:Relationship between chang
Page 75 and 76:
esults in its reduced activity (Con
Page 77 and 78:
g 20- :I-. F1g.70:Relationship betw
Page 79 and 80:
12, - I 0 U) Q 4 2 0 - + - Fig.75:R
Page 81 and 82:
$ Fig.80:Relationship between chang
Page 83 and 84:
Fig.85:Relationship between change
Page 85 and 86:
V) (3 :; - Fig.9O:Relationship betw
Page 87 and 88:
A reduction in the total thiol cont
Page 89 and 90:
2 5- Fig.98:Relationship between ch
Page 91 and 92:
Fig. 103:Relationship between chang
Page 93 and 94:
4.2.1.1 N ay ATPase Reagents Nay AT
Page 95 and 96:
Reagents 1. Acetylcholine bromide :
Page 97 and 98:
To 1.5 ml of carbonate buffer, 1.5
Page 99 and 100:
4.2.1.10 Differential leucocyte cou
Page 101 and 102:
increase in the control animals (Fi
Page 103 and 104:
- Fig.110: Effect of 6. malayi on H
Page 105 and 106:
efflux and thereby alter the membra
Page 107 and 108:
with i n d lymphocytes and decrease
Page 109 and 110:
Tubes were labeled for calibrators,
Page 111 and 112:
Fig.114: Effect of B, malayi on GTP
Page 113 and 114:
433 DISCUSSION Testosterone is a se
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER 4.4 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANG
Page 117 and 118:
Platc 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5 Pla
Page 119 and 120:
Platc X Plate 9 Plate 10 Plate 11 P
Page 121 and 122:
Plate w: Section of Testes of norma
Page 123 and 124:
4.4.2.1.5 Brain The control animals
Page 126 and 127:
Plate ICt Section of Kidney of infe
Page 128 and 129:
4.4.2.2 Histopathological changes i
Page 130 and 131:
Plate 32
Page 132:
The mf could not be seen in spleen
Page 135 and 136:
ain, it decreased from 0 day itself
Page 137:
inflammatory nature indicative of c
Page 141 and 142:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerman, S.J., Gleich
Page 143 and 144:
Case, T., Leis, B., Witte, M., Way,
Page 145 and 146:
Drabkin, D.L.R. and Austin, J.H. (1
Page 147 and 148:
Fukuota, M., Zhou, Y. and Tanaka.(l
Page 149 and 150:
Jacob, H.S. and Lux, S.E. (1968). D
Page 151 and 152:
Linda, I. and Mayeda, B. (1974). Th
Page 153 and 154:
Murray, H.W. (1981). Susceptibility
Page 155 and 156:
Santiago- Stevenson, D., Oliver-Gon
Page 157 and 158:
Tate, S.S., Thomson, G.A. and Meist
Page 159 and 160:
Zaini, M., Ramachandran, C.P. and E
show all

effect of infection of the filarial parasite brugia malayi - Pondicherry ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?