t^^l

TIAEA. 25
40. Tiara (Melanoides) episcopalis (i. d; H. Lea).
Tiara {Melanoides) episcopalis (I. & H. Lea), P. Z. S. 1850, p. 184,
in part; Eeeve, Oon. Icon., Melania, pi. 3, sp. 12; H. & T.,
C. 1. pi. 72, fig. 7, & pi. 75, figs. 6, 7.
Original description:—Testa plicata, turrita, subcrassa, tenebrosa-castanea;
spira elevata; suturis impressis; aufractibus
subconvexis, prope suturam superiorem concavis; plicis raris,
subacuminatis; apertura magna, elliptica, intus caerulescente;
columella contorta.
Alt. 61, diam. 20 mm.
Nab. A sluggish river, Malacca.
The authors also append the following note:—
" This is a remarkable and interesting species, and differs from
any which has been described in having rather large and somewhat
distant folds rising on the upper part into nodular points
in all the four specimens submitted for examination. The apex
of these specimens being truncated, the number of whorls carmot
be ascertained. A perfect adult would probably present about
ten. The folds are distinct on the four lovier whorls only. On
the middle of the lower whorl there is a slightly elevated line,
beiow which are about six obscure stria. The aperture is large,
and more than one-third the length of the shell; it is twisted,
and has an elongated base. The columella is whitish and very
much incurved. The operculum is more spiral than usual, and
the polar point more toward the centre."
A number of minor varieties are cited by Nevill in his ' Hand
List,' from which, however, for the purposes of the present work
it will be sufficient to quote the following : —
Var. pontiflcalis (v. d. Busch), Mousson, L. & S. Moll. Java;
p. 65, pi. 10, fig. 3 (as Melania pontifiealis').
Melania infracostata, v. d. Busch, in Reeve, Conch. Icon., Melania,
sp. li; Kevill, Hand List, pt. •>, p. 269.
Original descrijAion:—Testa turrita, magna, crassa, lactea,
superne flammulis nonuullis picta, epidermide olivacea induta,
anfractibus longitudine transversimque tenuiter striatis, superioribus
fere planatis, inferioribus convexis, ultimo et penultimo
crassicostatis, costis distantibus superue in nodulos exeuntibus ;
columella arcuata, labro acuto ad basin producto ; apertura ovata,
lactea.
Alt. 72, diam. 24-5 mm.
Hah. Borneo ; near Sibsagar (Peal).
41. Tiara (Melanoides) menkeana (Lea), emend.
Melania menkiana, in Lea, Obs. Unio, iv, p. 24, for Melania phcata,
Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (& Obs. Unio, ii, p. 20), pi. 2,3, fig. 95
(not of Menke, Synops. 1830).