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4.2 Rough Pasture Test Four areas of pasture were sampled across varying degrees of shade and unbounded (from vector data) internal ground cover outside pasture (exposed rock). The first of these was an area in the south west of the sample area and comprised a polygon surrounded by five fence vectors close to the road. The sample was chosen to see if the expected values for the man and standard deviation across the colour bands would be reflected in a section of image with a relatively high degree of variety in terms of ground cover. The data was sampled using the Radius software where the polyline values were exported to an ASCII file. This process will be easier once GML format spatial data becomes available (not available at the time of writing but will be over the next few years, OSI 2010). This process has two requirements in order for the polygon to be correctly sampled: • Firstly the line orientation needs to be the same for all polylines which bound the sample polygon, by convention this is anticlockwise (left of the line direction falling on the inside of the area to be extracted). • Secondly the first and last co-ordinates must match, with no other duplicate values present in the file. These qualifiers can be validated at the time of extraction once GML data is available, however for this study a text editor was used to search duplicate values. 109
Figure 31: Vector data for rough pasture test 1 Once the ASCII file was created, it was used to extract the region of interest from the file using the Mirone cropping tool; Figure 32: Aerial view of rough pasture test 1 110
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Automated Aerial Image Analysis usi
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Contents ii Page Certificate of Aut
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List of Figures iv Page Figure 1: A
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Abstract This study sets out an alg
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The process was designed so that it
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• Something capable of handling i
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of a control to calibrate most of t
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1.2 General Introduction and Backgr
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the higher the chances of successfu
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overlaid aerial imagery. This is du
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upper case, beginning with lower ca
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a selected study area. This is poss
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2 Stepping through the Algorithm Th
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The process can also be coded into
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Aerial imagery is a form of databas
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The software required for this step
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study area from the photography and
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The areas extracted were placed int
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ands was detected the standard devi
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2.4 Confirmation The final stage of
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3 Sampling for the Baseline Image K
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Figure 3: Road area and vector data
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(The previous samples were compared
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Road test sample 2 Mean pixel value
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3.2 Water Figure 4: Typical Water A
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The purpose of this thesis is to id
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present in the target area (or its
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possible to quickly process each se
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Marsh Sample 1 Mean Pixel Value Sta
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Marsh test Sample 1 (Pasture) Mean
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form both pasture and road/ paving
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Forest Sample 1 Mean pixel value St
Page 65 and 66: Coniferous forestry test sample 1 (
Page 67 and 68: whole was not analyzed but individu
Page 69 and 70: infrared signatures to identify the
Page 71 and 72: sampled in this study. In relation
Page 73 and 74: 3.6 Track Figure 9: Typical Track A
Page 75 and 76: surface area that might have been i
Page 77 and 78: (Phynn et al, 2002). In this study
Page 79 and 80: 3.7 Shade Figure 10: Typical Shade
Page 81 and 82: currently available for all areas a
Page 83 and 84: trends of bordering polygons mentio
Page 85 and 86: 3.8 Roof Areas Figure 12: Typical R
Page 87 and 88: Figure 13: Distribution of Building
Page 89 and 90: These mean greyscale pixel values f
Page 91 and 92: Roof test sample 1 Mean pixel value
Page 93 and 94: 3.9 Pasture Figure 15: Typical Past
Page 95 and 96: From the above samples, samples 4 a
Page 97 and 98: For the track/ hard cover the diffe
Page 99 and 100: 3.10 Rough Pasture Figure 16: Typic
Page 101 and 102: The identification of rough pasture
Page 103 and 104: cycle being suggested here to prese
Page 105 and 106: 4 Testing This chapter describes a
Page 107 and 108: Figure 17: Creating the ASCII file
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20: Green colour band for pa
Page 111 and 112: Figure 23: Green colour band for pa
Page 113 and 114: The peak for the green colour band,
Page 115: Figure 30: Green colour band for pa
Page 119 and 120: Figure 34: Green colour band for ro
Page 123 and 124: The peak for the green colour band,
Page 127 and 128: The first sample area came from a p
Page 129 and 130: Figure 47: Red colour band for mars
Page 131 and 132: Figure 50: Aerial view of marsh tes
Page 133 and 134: from which any variance would flag
Page 135 and 136: Figure 55: Red colour band for mars
Page 137 and 138: Figure 57: Aerial view of marsh tes
Page 139 and 140: 4.4 Bog Test The sampling for areas
Page 141 and 142: Figure 62: Red colour band for bog
Page 143 and 144: Figure 65: Vector data for bog test
Page 145 and 146: The histogram for the green colour
Page 147 and 148: Figure 70: Aerial view for bog test
Page 149 and 150: This trend was continued for the bl
Page 151 and 152: The green colour band pixel count a
Page 153 and 154: 4.5 Conclusion Image segmentation i
Page 155 and 156: 5 Literature Review The goal of thi
Page 157 and 158: shown give a more detailed picture
Page 159 and 160: dependencies” (Kettling, P.330).
Page 161 and 162: identifying coffee plantations from
Page 163 and 164: apply an algorithm to colour the da
Page 165 and 166: In 2002 S. Phinn, M. Stanford, P. S
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with the authors work for a softwar
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ased analysis, solely spectral base
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16*16 pixels as urban or nonurban.
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as roads and car parks are so simil
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H. van der Werff and F. van der Mee
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Shen, S. S., Badhwar, G. D., and Ca
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