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CMS Manual System - Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

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Medication Issues <strong>and</strong> Concerns<br />

trimethobenzamide<br />

metoclopramide Indications<br />

Proton pump inhibitors<br />

(PPI), e.g.,<br />

anticholinergic effects, such as constipation, dry<br />

mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention<br />

May cause extrapyramidal symptoms, including<br />

medication-induced parkinsonism, acute dystonic<br />

reactions, akathisia, <strong>and</strong> tardive dyskinesia<br />

May alter cardiac conduction or induce<br />

arrhythmias<br />

Adverse Consequences<br />

Relatively ineffective antiemetic that can cause<br />

significant extrapyramidal side effects in addition<br />

to lethargy, sedation, confusion<br />

Exception: May be indicated in patients with<br />

Parkinson‘s Disease taking apomorphine<br />

High-risk medication with limited clinical<br />

indication <strong>and</strong> limited demonstrated effectiveness*<br />

Not recommended for first-line treatment <strong>of</strong><br />

gastroesophageal reflux disease, especially in older<br />

individuals<br />

When used for diabetic gastroparesis, or other<br />

indications, relative benefits <strong>and</strong> risks should be<br />

assessed <strong>and</strong> documented<br />

* Lata, P.F., Pigarelli, D.L. (2003). Chronic<br />

metoclopramide therapy for diabetic gastroparesis.<br />

Ann Pharmacotherapy, 37(1), pp. 122-126.<br />

Adverse Consequences<br />

Especially in older individuals, metoclopramide<br />

may cause restlessness, drowsiness, insomnia,<br />

depression, distress, anorexia, <strong>and</strong> extrapyramidal<br />

symptoms, <strong>and</strong> may lower the seizure threshold<br />

May increase seizures in individuals with seizure<br />

disorders or exacerbate symptoms in individuals<br />

with Parkinson‘s Disease<br />

Monitoring<br />

It is essential to closely monitor at-risk individuals<br />

for adverse consequences<br />

Indications<br />

Indication for use should be based on clinical

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