CMS Manual System - Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

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Implement hand hygiene (hand washing) practices consistent with accepted standards of practice, to reduce the spread of infections and prevent cross-contamination; and Properly store, handle, process, and transport linens to minimize contamination. DEFINITIONS Definitions are provided to clarify terminology or terms related to infection control practices in nursing homes. ―Airborne precautions‖ refers to actions taken to prevent or minimize the transmission of infectious agents/organisms that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air. These particles can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods of time and can be carried on normal air currents in a room or beyond, to adjacent spaces or areas receiving exhaust air. 68 ―Alcohol-based hand rub‖ (ABHR) refers to a 60-95 percent ethanol or isopropyl- containing preparation base designed for application to the hands to reduce the number of viable microorganisms. ―Antifungal‖ refers to a medication used to treat a fungal infection such as athlete‘s foot, ringworm or candidiasis. ―Anti-infective‖ refers to a group of medications used to treat infections. ―Antiseptic hand wash‖ is ―washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent.‖ 69 ―Cohorting‖ refers to the practice of grouping residents infected or colonized with the same infectious agent together to confine their care to one area and prevent contact with susceptible residents (cohorting residents). During outbreaks, healthcare personnel may be assigned to a cohort of residents to further limit opportunities for transmission (cohorting staff). ―Colonization‖ refers to the presence of microorganisms on or within body sites without detectable host immune response, cellular damage, or clinical expression. ―Communicable disease‖ (also known as [a.k.a.] ―Contagious disease‖) refers to an infection transmissible (as from person-to-person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual's body fluids or by indirect means (as by a vector). ―Community associated infections‖ (formerly ―Community Acquired Infections‖) refers to infections that are present or incubating at the time of admission, or generally develop within 72 hours of admission.
―Contact precautions‖ are measures that are ―intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents, including epidemiologically important microorganisms, which are spread by direct or indirect contact with the resident or the resident‘s environment.‖ 70 ―Droplet precautions‖ refers to actions designed to reduce/prevent the transmission of pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. 71 ―Hand hygiene‖ is a general term that applies to washing hands with water and either plain soap or soap/detergent containing an antiseptic agent; or thoroughly applying an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR). ―Hand washing‖ refers to washing hands with plain (i.e., nonantimicrobial) soap and water. ―Health care associated infection [HAI]‖ (a.k.a. ―nosocomial‖ and ―facility-acquired‖ infection) refers to an infection that generally occurs after 72 hours from the time of admission to a health care facility. ―Infection‖ refers the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host, producing clinical signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, redness, heat, purulent exudates, etc). ―Infection prevention and control program‖ refers to a program (including surveillance, investigation, prevention, control, and reporting) that provides a safe, sanitary and comfortable environment to help prevent the development and transmission of infection. ―Infection preventionist (IP)‖ (a.k.a. infection control professional) refers to a person whose primary training is in either nursing, medical technology, microbiology, or epidemiology and who has acquired additional training in infection control. ―Isolation‖ refers to the practices employed to reduce the spread of an infectious agent and/or minimize the transmission of infection. ―Isolation precautions‖ see ―Transmission-Based Precautions‖ ―Medical waste‖ refers to any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining to, or in the production or testing of biologicals (e.g., blood-soaked bandages, sharps). ―Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" refers to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that are resistant to treatment with semi-synthetic penicillins (e.g., Oxacillin/Nafcillin/Methicillin). ―Multi-Drug resistant organisms (MDROs)‖ refers to microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents. Although the names of certain MDROs describe resistance to only one agent, these pathogens are frequently resistant to most available antimicrobial agents. 72
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CMS Manual System Pub. 100-07 State
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State Operations Manual Appendix PP
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§483.25(n) Influenza and Pneumococ
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(including eligibility, coverage, c
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___________________________________
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Procedures §483.10(a)(3) and (4) D
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―Advance directive‖ means a wri
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§483.10(b)(5) -- The facility must
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Provide written information concern
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___________________________________
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§483.10(c)(3) Deposit of Funds (i)
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Were limits placed on amounts that
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___________________________________
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(B) Dietary services as required at
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medical service that is recognized
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satisfactorily resolved by discussi
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(i) Transfer to another health care
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Interpretive Guidelines §483.10(g)
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(ii) Any representative of the Stat
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efore the resident may exercise tha
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§483.12(a) Transfer, and Discharge
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§483.10(o), Tag F177, addresses th
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Look for changes in source of payme
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How to notify the ombudsman (name,
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___________________________________
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Interpretive Guidelines §483.12(d)
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Interpretive Guidelines §483.12(d)
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―Convenience‖ is defined as any
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order reflecting the presence of a
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consistently implemented. Determine
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monitored separation from other Res
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to prevent occurrences, monitoring
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injurious behaviors, residents with
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A certified nurse aide found guilty
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o Day-to-day use of plastic cutlery
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for the resident‘s safety. For ex
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If a facility changes its policy to
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___________________________________
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Staff should strive to reasonably a
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egarding medical information. The f
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The report stated that, ―Resident
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If not contraindicated, modifying t
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o Visual interaction and to compens
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For residents from diverse ethnic o
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Encouraging volunteer-type work tha
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12 Christenson, M.A. (1996). Enviro
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selected this activity. The Nationa
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Interview the social services staff
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Identifies how the facility will pr
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o Determine if the facility has acc
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(ii) Has 2 years of experience in a
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Once the team has completed its inv
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___________________________________
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transportation services that are no
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F252 (Rev. 66, Issued: 10-01-10, Ef
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Although this Tag can be used for i
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___________________________________
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___________________________________
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Intent §483.20 To provide the faci
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(vii) Psychosocial well-being ―Ps
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___________________________________
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Resident‘s decision making change
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___________________________________
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(i) Admission assessment. (ii) Annu
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Completing an assessment that is no
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Interpretive Guidelines §483.20(h)
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Submitting correction(s) to informa
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If the resident has refused treatme
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. Do the dietitian and speech thera
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Are physicians‘ orders carried ou
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What types of pre-discharge prepara
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If the resident‘s PAS report indi
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Briefly review the assessment, care
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and knowledge of the resident, shou
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Determine whether the facility had
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NOTE: Guidance regarding pressure u
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The resident has the right to refus
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others being hypersensitivity, idio
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Examples of clinical resources avai
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indicators which may represent pain
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• Impact of pain on quality of li
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National Center for Complementary a
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3 National Center for Complementary
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The objective of this protocol is t
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How effective the interventions hav
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Nurse Interview. Interview a nurse
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Communicated with the health care p
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qualified persons with input from t
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of pain. First, the team must rule
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The resident experienced daily or l
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Extensive Assistance - While reside
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Procedures: §483.25(a)(1)(ii) Dete
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Identify if resident triggers CAAs
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USE OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, OR OTHER F
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___________________________________
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Probes: §483.25(b) Identify if res
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―Debridement‖- Debridement is t
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OVERVIEW A pressure ulcer can occur
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procedures, during prolonged ambula
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Assessment of a resident‘s skin c
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Both urine and feces contain substa
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use of lifting devices for repositi
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in accord with resident‘s overall
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Whether pain, if present, is being
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Some clinicians utilize validated i
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generally impairs wound healing, se
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15 Fuhrer M., Garber S., Rintola D.
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of Localized Chronic Wound Infectio
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Previously unidentified open areas;
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complications including reassessmen
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If not, the development of the pres
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o Determine if the care plan was pe
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Examples of possible avoidable nega
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(Rev. 66, Issued: 10-01-10, Effecti
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later stages of dementia, diabetes,
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the resident‘s concerns and offer
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Functional and cognitive capabiliti
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toileting and response to specific
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cognitive deficit—provided that t
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the epidermis (comparable to a deep
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adequate. Based on the resident‘s
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Follow-Up of UTIs rectal temperatur
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9 Maki, D.G. & Tambyah, P.A. (2001)
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Whether the resident is on a schedu
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catheter/continence services. Reque
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Defines the catheter, tubing and ba
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If the attending physician is unava
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Assess, prevent (to the extent poss
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perform relevant activities of dail
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Requires immediate correction, as t
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The failures of the facility to pro
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Identify if resident triggers CAAs
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Probes: §483.25(f)(1) For sampled
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___________________________________
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Using universal precautions and cle
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Monitor the effectiveness of the
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Directs resources to address safety
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Monitoring is the process of evalua
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those (e.g., disease, environment)
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Addressing the factors for the fall
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155°F 148°F 140°F 133°F 127°F
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NOTE: The Safe Medical Devices Act
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ENDNOTES 1 Centers for Medicare & M
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Use To evaluate whether the facilit
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2. Interview The adequacy of the su
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Changes in condition such as the ab
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Noncompliance for F323 After comple
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Once the survey team has completed
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Unsafe wandering and/or elopement t
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Severity Level 1 Considerations: No
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―Qualified dietitian‖ refers to
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Current standards of practice recom
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dry mouth, and diseases of the orop
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Based on analysis of relevant infor
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For many residents (including overw
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In deciding whether and how to inte
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End-of-Life Resident choices and cl
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11 Chouinard, J. (2000). Dysphagia
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Objectives Use INVESTIGATIVE PROTOC
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Nutrition interventions, such as sn
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Whether the facility identified res
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Review of Facility Practices Relate
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42 CFR §483.20(b)(1), Tag F272, Co
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DEFICIENCY CATEGORIZATION (Part IV,
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If immediate jeopardy has been rule
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Intent §483.25(j) The intent of th
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Is proper administration technique
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§483.25(k)(5) Standard: Tracheal S
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(v) In the presence of adverse cons
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physical actions such as: pacing, c
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o Support decisions about modifying
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individual with dementia, to improv
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Medication management is based in t
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Whether the signs, symptoms, or rel
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o Pain; o Chronic psychiatric illne
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Common Conditions/ Symptoms Example
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Identifying the essential informati
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necessarily indicate a need for dos
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Sometimes, the decision about wheth
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The continued use is in accordance
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J., & Bates, D.W. (2005). Incidence
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(NSAIDs) Medication Issues and Conc
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Antibiotics Medication Issues and C
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Medication Issues and Concerns prim
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Medication Issues and Concerns Mono
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chlorpropamide glyburide Antifungal
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Medication Issues and Concerns MAO
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Medication Issues and Concerns days
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Medication Issues and Concerns Medi
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uspirone Medication Issues and Conc
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Medication Issues and Concerns amio
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Medication Issues and Concerns Angi
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Nitrates, e.g., Medication Issues a
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Medication Issues and Concerns Anti
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Medication Issues and Concerns esom
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Medication Issues and Concerns laxa
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Medication Issues and Concerns Resp
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Medication Issues and Concerns hygi
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Medication Issues and Concerns All
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iperiden trihexyphenidyl olanzapine
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NOTE: This review is not intended t
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If during the review, you identify
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How he/she approaches the MRR proce
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o Failure to monitor a medication c
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42 CFR 483.20(b), F272, Comprehensi
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Complications (such as diarrhea wit
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NOTE: If Severity Level 3 (actual h
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―Resident Condition‖ -- The res
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Medication Errors Due to Failure to
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Medications Administered with Enter
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if the facility uses the ―recap
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technique requires a comparison of
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eaction to the vaccine than would h
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o Persons who are 50 years of age o
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Sampling: To determine if education
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Processes to address issues that ar
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The facility failed to document tha
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Requires immediate correction as th
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(ii) other nursing personnel. §483
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(3) The State finds that, for any p
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(A) Has only patients whose physici
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For SNFs and SNF/NFs which may be w
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Assessing special nutritional needs
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Probes: §483.35(c)(1) Are resident
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___________________________________
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Interpretive Guidelines: §483.35(f
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―Food Preparation‖ refers to th
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for growth of harmful pathogens. Ba
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Source of Primary Agents of Primary
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Food Receiving and Storage When foo
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specified below will either kill da
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may consist of a combination of foo
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at the manifold, which is the area
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INVESTIGATIVE PROTOCOL SANITARY CON
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2. Interview Observe that foods are
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cooling, and ensure that PHF/TCS fo
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2. Degree of harm (actual or potent
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Severity Level 1 Considerations: No
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Intent: §483.35(h) The intent of t
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Whether they are assisting assigned
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and drink. If concerns are identifi
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Compliance with 42 CFR 483.35(h), F
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eligibility to eat and drink with a
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Examples of the facility‘s non-co
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delegating and supervising follow-u
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Probes: §483.40(b) Do services ord
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Page 499 and 500: Probes: §483.45(a)(1)(2) 1. For ph
Page 501 and 502: a care plan must be developed, foll
Page 503 and 504: Are residents missing teeth and may
Page 505 and 506: Definitions are provided to clarify
Page 507 and 508: The National Coordinating Council f
Page 509 and 510: Establish procedures that address m
Page 511 and 512: How the receipt of medications from
Page 513 and 514: Documentation of actual disposition
Page 515 and 516: the pharmaceutical services. Fourth
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Page 519 and 520: The facility in collaboration with
Page 521 and 522: (2) The pharmacist must report any
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Page 525 and 526: NOTE: The surveyor‘s review of me
Page 527 and 528: o Seizure activity; o Spontaneous o
Page 529 and 530: Common Medication-Medication Intera
Page 531 and 532: The identification of any irregular
Page 533 and 534: aspects of pharmaceutical services.
Page 535 and 536: The pharmacist‘s MRR failed to id
Page 537 and 538: (3) Determines that drug records ar
Page 539 and 540: During a medication pass, medicatio
Page 541 and 542: This requirement has several aspect
Page 543 and 544: Determine whether the noncompliance
Page 545: §483.65 Infection Control The faci
Page 549 and 550: Critical aspects of the infection p
Page 551 and 552: Conducting data analysis to help de
Page 553 and 554: observations of staff practices and
Page 555 and 556: Complications from invasive diagnos
Page 557 and 558: Airborne transmission can occur by
Page 559 and 560: After removing gloves or aprons; an
Page 561 and 562: Depending on the situation, options
Page 563 and 564: tears or holes be replaced. It is r
Page 565 and 566: ENDNOTES 68 Siegel, J.D., Rhinehart
Page 567 and 568: Guidelines for environmental infect
Page 570 and 571: INVESTIGATIVE PROTOCOL FOR INFECTIO
Page 572 and 573: Multiple use items (e.g., shower ch
Page 574 and 575: Interview the Designated Infection
Page 576 and 577: Utilize infection precautions to mi
Page 578 and 579: Properly implement transmission bas
Page 580 and 581: influenza in residents on another,
Page 582 and 583: §483.70(a)(6)(ii) The dispensers a
Page 584 and 585: Additional guidance is available in
Page 586 and 587: §483.70(d)(1)(i) Accommodate no mo
Page 588 and 589: Procedures: §483.70(d)(1)(iv) Ther
Page 590 and 591: Interpretive Guidelines: §483.70(d
Page 592 and 593: centralized nursing station, this c
Page 594 and 595: Are spaces adaptable for all intend
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defined as substandard quality of c
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(ii) Responsible for the management
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Probes: §483.75(e)(2 - 4) During a
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1919(e)(2)(A) of the Act the facili
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Interpretive Guidelines: §483.75(f
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The medical director helps the faci
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MEDICAL DIRECTION The facility is r
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The medical director is responsible
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REFERENCES 1 Pattee JJ, Otteson OJ.
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support with ventilators, intraveno
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The medical director provides input
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V. DEFICIENCY CATEGORIZATION (Part
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NOTE: If immediate jeopardy has bee
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Intent: §483.75(j)(1) The intent o
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Probes: §483.75(j)(1)(i) - (iv) Ar
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An inability to order radiological
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There is a written policy, at the h
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If there is a problem with confiden
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(i) Residents will be transferred f
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Preventing deviation from care proc
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Meetings of the QAA committee must
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INVESTIGATIVE PROTOCOL QUALITY ASSE
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The assigned surveyor should interv
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2. Degree of harm (actual or potent
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The facility‘s QAA committee meet
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R04SOM 11/12/2004 Guidance to Surve
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e. Special Care Fl19____ Receiving
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Form CMS-672 (10/10) ReSIDent CenSu
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Form CMS-672 (10/10) ReSIDent CenSu
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERV
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22. Psychoactive Medications: If th
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16. Weight Change/Nutrition/Swallow
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RESIDENT REVIEW WORKSHEET (continue
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RESIDENT REVIEW WORKSHEET (continue
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