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Yaoliang, Y. and Zhizhong, L. (2006) A Chinese medicinal preparation with effects in clearing away heat, eliminating dampness, and promoting function of gallbladder, (Peop. Rep. China) Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu, Patent number CN 1736411, Patent Application number CN 2005-10036222 (abstract from Scifinder Scholar 2007) Yoshizaki, F., Ruedi, P. and Eugster, C. H. (1979) Diterpenoid leaf-gland pigments: 11 coleons and royleanones from Coleus carnosus Hassk, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 62, 2754-2762 Zelnik, R., Lavie, D., Levy, E.C., Wang, A.H.J. and Paul, I.C. (1977) Barbatusin and cyclobutatusin, two novel diterpenoids from Coleus barbatus Bentham, Tetrahedron, 33, 1457-1467 93
Chapter 3 Extractives from Plectranthus hadiensis 3.1 Introduction Plectranthus hadiensis is commonly known as the ‘hairy spurflower’ or ‘imbozisa’ by the Zulus. This plant is a shrubby perennial which grows to a height of 1.5 metres and flowers between March and June every year, peaking in May (van Jaarsveld, 2006). The flower blossoms are purple in colour (figure 15) and are pleasantly aromatic. Figure 15: Plectranthus hadiensis in bloom (picture courtesy of Prof. N. Crouch) P. hadiensis favours dry conditions for growth and can be found growing between the Kwa-Zulu Natal coastline and Gauteng, South Africa. The cuttings of this plant are used for propogation purposes (van Jaarsveld, 2006). Ethnobotanically, P. hadiensis was reported by Lukhoba et al. (2006) as having been known to treat certain skin conditions, diarrhoea in South India and Sri Lanka (Mehrotra et al., 1989) respiratory conditions and inflammation (loc cit Sivarajan and Balachandran, 1986; Neuwinger, 2000; Hutchings et al, 1996). However the literature cited in Lukhoba et al. (2006) does not make mention of these reports. 94
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UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL FACULTY
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Preface The experimental work descr
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Acknowledgements First and foremost
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GC-MS - gas chromatography-mass spe
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Table 19: NMR data of compound III
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Spectrum 1d: Expanded DEPT spectrum
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Compound V, stigmasterol 217 Spectr
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2 19 1 4 18 O 20 5 Structures of co
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3.4 Results and Discussion of the c
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compounds are also classified as tr
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1 H CO2H 19 20 CHO 18 10 5 H 12 14
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may be referred to as a norabietane
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In the mevalonic acid pathway, the
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N thiamine diphosphate (TPP) O OH N
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in the kauranes. From the kauranes,
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References Abad, A., Agullo, C., Cu
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The flower colour varies among the
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Clade 1 unplaced groups Group A: Pl
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different medical conditions and in
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Plectranthus species Skin condition
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Plectranthus species Heart, circula
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Use of the minimum inhibitory conce
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Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
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Plectranthus species Extraction med
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Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
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Methanol, ethanol and water seem to
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Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
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Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
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variation is observed within ring B
Page 59 and 60: Compound Name Synonym 39 40 41 42 4
Page 61 and 62: compounds (Table 6b). Depending on
Page 63 and 64: Table 6c: Royleanone-type abietanes
Page 65 and 66: R 1 R2CH2 19 O H 3CCO 19 O H 6 12 O
Page 67 and 68: Compound Name Synonym 81 82 83 84 8
Page 69 and 70: Compound Name Synonym 104 105 106 1
Page 71 and 72: R 1 19 3 3 1 18 1 18 20 20 O H O H
Page 73 and 74: educed furan ring. The linear side
Page 75 and 76: Compound Name Synonym HCO O 128 129
Page 77 and 78: Thirty-six compounds (131-167) havi
Page 79 and 80: Compound Name Synonym 147 148 HO HO
Page 81 and 82: In compounds 149-165 (Table 9b), an
Page 83 and 84: Compound Name Synonym 163 164 165 R
Page 85 and 86: Table 9c: Coleon-type abietanes wit
Page 87 and 88: 1 18 3 20 4 O 5 19 R 1 R2 11 9 10 A
Page 89 and 90: The majority of the abietanes isola
Page 91 and 92: Plectranthus species Plant part Com
Page 93 and 94: The leaves seem to be the most freq
Page 95 and 96: Table 14 contains six abietanes iso
Page 97 and 98: References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
Page 99 and 100: Cos, P., Hermans, N., de Bryne, T.,
Page 101 and 102: Hulme, M. (1954) Wild flowers of Na
Page 103 and 104: Lingling, X., Jie, L., Weijia, L. a
Page 105 and 106: Oliveira, P.M., Alves, R.B., Ferrei
Page 107 and 108: Ruedi, P. and Eugster, C. H. (1977)
Page 109: Ulubelen, A., Birman, H., Oksuz, S.
Page 113 and 114: 4 20 10 O H 19 18 6 7 OH OH C 13 R
Page 115 and 116: a few cases (specifically stated in
Page 117 and 118: The leaves (184.63g) were air-dried
Page 119 and 120: The ethyl acetate extract (0.98g) w
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.1 Structural elucidation of Com
Page 123 and 124: esonance showed HMBC correlations t
Page 125 and 126: esonance at δC 185.76 of C-14 is a
Page 127 and 128: Position Moiety Compound I 3 CH2 5
Page 129 and 130: Table 18: 13 C NMR data for compoun
Page 131 and 132: The equatorial methyl group at C-4,
Page 133 and 134: The proton NMR data for compound II
Page 135 and 136: Position 6 7 Compound III (400MHz)
Page 137 and 138: 3.4.3 Structure elucidation of Comp
Page 139 and 140: showed HMBC correlations to another
Page 141 and 142: H HO 3 OH H 2 4 24 eq 1 23 5 ax Hax
Page 143 and 144: HO HO Position 2 23 4 10 24 25 26 9
Page 145 and 146: Position Compound IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 b
Page 147 and 148: multiplet at δH 1.91 (H-21) and a
Page 149 and 150: 1 H Position Compound VI Burns et a
Page 151 and 152: Ultraviolet spectrum (λ max): 192n
Page 153 and 154: References Ansell, S.M. (1989) The
Page 155 and 156: Laing, M.D., Drewes, S.E. and Gurla
Page 157 and 158: van Vuuren, S. (2007) The antimicro
Page 159 and 160: Since the 7α-isomers of compounds
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eing incubated for 24 hours at 37°
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This indicated that the dihydroxy c
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acetic acid and air drying the plat
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whereas GI50 values for the renal a
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Table 28: Growth inhibition values
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Gaspar-Marques, C., Duarte, M.A., S
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Chapter 5 Conclusion The aim of thi
Page 175 and 176:
References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
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Table of Contents Page Compound I,
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Compound II, 6β,7β-dihydroxyroyle
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Compound IV, euscaphic acid HO HO 2
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HO Compound VI, lupeol 3 24 25 26 2
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HO 218
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HO 220
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222
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225
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227
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