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Compound Name Synonym 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 Continued on next page…. 11,12,14-trihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene-6,7-dione 14-formyloxy-11,12dihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene-6,7-dione 11,12,14,16-tetrahydroxy- 8,11,13-abietatriene-6,7dione 16-acetoxy-11,12,14trihydroxy-8,11,13- abietatriene-6,7-dione 3α-acetoxy-11,12,14,16tetrahydroxy-8,11,13- abietatriene-6,7-dione 16,17-diacetoxy-3α,11,12,14tetrahydroxy-8,11,13- abietatriene-6,7-dione 16-acetoxy-11,12,14,17tetrahydroxy-8,11,13- abietatriene-6,7-dione 16,17-diacetoxy-11,12,14trihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene-6,7-dione11,12,16-trihydroxy-8,11,13- abietatriene-6,7-dione 3β,11,12,14-tetrahydroxy- 8,11,13-abietatriene-6,7- dione 7β,20β-epoxy-11,12dihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene Coleon V 14-O-formylcoleon -V Coleon D 16-Oacetylcoleon D Coleon I Coleon K Coleon X 16-O-acetyl coleon X Isolated from Plectranthus (P) or Coleus (C) species P. myrianthus; C. carnosus; C. coerulescens; P. sanguineus P. myrianthus C. aquaticus; C. coerulescens C. coerulescens; P. edulis Reference Miyase et al., 1977a; Yoshizaki et al., 1979; Grob et al., 1978; Matloubi- Moghadam et al., 1987 Miyase et al., 1977a Ruedi et al., 1972; Grob et al., 1978; Schmid et al., 1982; Kunzle et al., 1987 Grob et al., 1978; Kunzle et al., 1987 C. somaliensis Moir et al., 1973a C. garckeanus P. edulis Coleon T P. caninus 20deoxocarnosol C. barbatus Miyase et al., 1979 Kunzle et al., 1987 Arihara et al., 1977 Kelecom et al., 1984 61
Compound Name Synonym 147 148 HO HO 7β,20β-epoxy-20S-methoxy- 11,12-dihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene 6β,20β-epoxy-6α,11,12trihydroxy-8,11,13abietatriene-7-one 19 O O 19 HO 11 R 20 10 H A OH 11 B O C 12 8 O 13 17 15 16 18 1 HO (131) (132) OH 12 8 7 O 15 14 18 R (133) H (134) OH Isolated from Plectranthus (P) or Coleus (C) species 3 1 20 19 HO 19 18 H 10 11 6 7 OH (135) OCH 3 OH 12 8 H OH 14 OH O Reference Esquirolin D C. esquirolii Li et al., 1991 Carnosolone P. cyaneus; C. carnosus Horvath et al., 2004; Yoshizaki et al., 1979 62
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UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL FACULTY
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Preface The experimental work descr
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Acknowledgements First and foremost
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GC-MS - gas chromatography-mass spe
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Table 19: NMR data of compound III
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Spectrum 1d: Expanded DEPT spectrum
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Compound V, stigmasterol 217 Spectr
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2 19 1 4 18 O 20 5 Structures of co
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3.4 Results and Discussion of the c
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compounds are also classified as tr
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1 H CO2H 19 20 CHO 18 10 5 H 12 14
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may be referred to as a norabietane
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In the mevalonic acid pathway, the
Page 27 and 28: N thiamine diphosphate (TPP) O OH N
Page 29 and 30: in the kauranes. From the kauranes,
Page 31 and 32: References Abad, A., Agullo, C., Cu
Page 33 and 34: The flower colour varies among the
Page 35 and 36: Clade 1 unplaced groups Group A: Pl
Page 37 and 38: different medical conditions and in
Page 39 and 40: Plectranthus species Skin condition
Page 41 and 42: Plectranthus species Heart, circula
Page 43 and 44: Use of the minimum inhibitory conce
Page 45 and 46: Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
Page 47 and 48: Plectranthus species Extraction med
Page 49 and 50: Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
Page 51 and 52: Methanol, ethanol and water seem to
Page 53 and 54: Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
Page 55 and 56: Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
Page 57 and 58: variation is observed within ring B
Page 59 and 60: Compound Name Synonym 39 40 41 42 4
Page 61 and 62: compounds (Table 6b). Depending on
Page 63 and 64: Table 6c: Royleanone-type abietanes
Page 65 and 66: R 1 R2CH2 19 O H 3CCO 19 O H 6 12 O
Page 67 and 68: Compound Name Synonym 81 82 83 84 8
Page 69 and 70: Compound Name Synonym 104 105 106 1
Page 71 and 72: R 1 19 3 3 1 18 1 18 20 20 O H O H
Page 73 and 74: educed furan ring. The linear side
Page 75 and 76: Compound Name Synonym HCO O 128 129
Page 77: Thirty-six compounds (131-167) havi
Page 81 and 82: In compounds 149-165 (Table 9b), an
Page 83 and 84: Compound Name Synonym 163 164 165 R
Page 85 and 86: Table 9c: Coleon-type abietanes wit
Page 87 and 88: 1 18 3 20 4 O 5 19 R 1 R2 11 9 10 A
Page 89 and 90: The majority of the abietanes isola
Page 91 and 92: Plectranthus species Plant part Com
Page 93 and 94: The leaves seem to be the most freq
Page 95 and 96: Table 14 contains six abietanes iso
Page 97 and 98: References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
Page 99 and 100: Cos, P., Hermans, N., de Bryne, T.,
Page 101 and 102: Hulme, M. (1954) Wild flowers of Na
Page 103 and 104: Lingling, X., Jie, L., Weijia, L. a
Page 105 and 106: Oliveira, P.M., Alves, R.B., Ferrei
Page 107 and 108: Ruedi, P. and Eugster, C. H. (1977)
Page 109 and 110: Ulubelen, A., Birman, H., Oksuz, S.
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 3 Extractives from Plectran
Page 113 and 114: 4 20 10 O H 19 18 6 7 OH OH C 13 R
Page 115 and 116: a few cases (specifically stated in
Page 117 and 118: The leaves (184.63g) were air-dried
Page 119 and 120: The ethyl acetate extract (0.98g) w
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.1 Structural elucidation of Com
Page 123 and 124: esonance showed HMBC correlations t
Page 125 and 126: esonance at δC 185.76 of C-14 is a
Page 127 and 128: Position Moiety Compound I 3 CH2 5
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Table 18: 13 C NMR data for compoun
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The equatorial methyl group at C-4,
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The proton NMR data for compound II
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Position 6 7 Compound III (400MHz)
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3.4.3 Structure elucidation of Comp
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showed HMBC correlations to another
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H HO 3 OH H 2 4 24 eq 1 23 5 ax Hax
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HO HO Position 2 23 4 10 24 25 26 9
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Position Compound IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 b
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multiplet at δH 1.91 (H-21) and a
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1 H Position Compound VI Burns et a
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Ultraviolet spectrum (λ max): 192n
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References Ansell, S.M. (1989) The
Page 155 and 156:
Laing, M.D., Drewes, S.E. and Gurla
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van Vuuren, S. (2007) The antimicro
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Since the 7α-isomers of compounds
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eing incubated for 24 hours at 37°
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This indicated that the dihydroxy c
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acetic acid and air drying the plat
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whereas GI50 values for the renal a
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Table 28: Growth inhibition values
Page 171 and 172:
Gaspar-Marques, C., Duarte, M.A., S
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Chapter 5 Conclusion The aim of thi
Page 175 and 176:
References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
Page 177 and 178:
Table of Contents Page Compound I,
Page 179 and 180:
Compound II, 6β,7β-dihydroxyroyle
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Compound IV, euscaphic acid HO HO 2
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HO Compound VI, lupeol 3 24 25 26 2
Page 236 and 237:
HO 218
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HO 220
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222
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225
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227
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