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Compound I, 7β-acetoxy-6β-acetoxyroyleanone 2 19 1 4 O 20 18 9 10 5 11 6 7 OH OH 12 14 8 13 16 15 O OCCH 3 Spectrum 1a: 1 H NMR spectrum 162 Spectrum 1b: 13 C NMR spectrum 163 Spectrum 1c: Expanded 13 C NMR spectrum 164 Spectrum 1d: Expanded DEPT spectrum 165 Spectrum1e: HSQC spectrum 166 Spectrum 1f: Expanded HSQC spectrum 167 Spectrum 1g: HMBC spectrum 168 Spectrum 1h: Expanded HMBC spectrum 169 Spectrum 1i: COSY spectrum 170 Spectrum 1j: NOESY spectrum 171 Spectrum 1k: IR spectrum 172 Spectrum 1l: UV spectrum 173 Spectrum 1m: GC-MS spectrum 174 O 17 Page 161
Compound II, 6β,7β-dihydroxyroyleanone 2 19 1 4 O 20 18 9 10 5 11 6 7 OH Spectrum 2a: 1 H NMR spectrum 176 Spectrum 2b: 13 C NMR spectrum 177 Spectrum 2c: Expanded 13 C NMR spectrum 178 Spectrum 2d: Expanded DEPT spectrum 179 Spectrum 2e: HSQC spectrum 180 Spectrum 2f: Expanded HSQC spectrum 181 Spectrum 2g: HMBC spectrum 182 Spectrum 2h: Expanded HMBC spectrum 183 Spectrum 2i: COSY spectrum 184 Spectrum 2j: NOESY spectrum 185 Spectrum 2k: IR spectrum 186 Spectrum 2l: UV spectrum 187 Spectrum 2m: LC-MS spectrum 188 OH 12 14 8 13 OH 16 15 O 17 Page 175
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UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL FACULTY
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Preface The experimental work descr
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Acknowledgements First and foremost
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GC-MS - gas chromatography-mass spe
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Table 19: NMR data of compound III
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Spectrum 1d: Expanded DEPT spectrum
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Compound V, stigmasterol 217 Spectr
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2 19 1 4 18 O 20 5 Structures of co
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3.4 Results and Discussion of the c
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compounds are also classified as tr
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1 H CO2H 19 20 CHO 18 10 5 H 12 14
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may be referred to as a norabietane
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In the mevalonic acid pathway, the
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N thiamine diphosphate (TPP) O OH N
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in the kauranes. From the kauranes,
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References Abad, A., Agullo, C., Cu
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The flower colour varies among the
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Clade 1 unplaced groups Group A: Pl
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different medical conditions and in
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Plectranthus species Skin condition
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Plectranthus species Heart, circula
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Use of the minimum inhibitory conce
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Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
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Plectranthus species Extraction med
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Plectranthus species Coleus kiliman
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Methanol, ethanol and water seem to
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Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
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Plectranthus species P. amboinicus
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variation is observed within ring B
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Compound Name Synonym 39 40 41 42 4
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compounds (Table 6b). Depending on
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Table 6c: Royleanone-type abietanes
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R 1 R2CH2 19 O H 3CCO 19 O H 6 12 O
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Compound Name Synonym 81 82 83 84 8
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Compound Name Synonym 104 105 106 1
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R 1 19 3 3 1 18 1 18 20 20 O H O H
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educed furan ring. The linear side
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Compound Name Synonym HCO O 128 129
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Thirty-six compounds (131-167) havi
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Compound Name Synonym 147 148 HO HO
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In compounds 149-165 (Table 9b), an
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Compound Name Synonym 163 164 165 R
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Table 9c: Coleon-type abietanes wit
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1 18 3 20 4 O 5 19 R 1 R2 11 9 10 A
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The majority of the abietanes isola
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Plectranthus species Plant part Com
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The leaves seem to be the most freq
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Table 14 contains six abietanes iso
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References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
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Cos, P., Hermans, N., de Bryne, T.,
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Hulme, M. (1954) Wild flowers of Na
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Lingling, X., Jie, L., Weijia, L. a
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Oliveira, P.M., Alves, R.B., Ferrei
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Ruedi, P. and Eugster, C. H. (1977)
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Ulubelen, A., Birman, H., Oksuz, S.
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Chapter 3 Extractives from Plectran
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4 20 10 O H 19 18 6 7 OH OH C 13 R
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a few cases (specifically stated in
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The leaves (184.63g) were air-dried
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The ethyl acetate extract (0.98g) w
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3.4.1 Structural elucidation of Com
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esonance showed HMBC correlations t
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esonance at δC 185.76 of C-14 is a
Page 127 and 128: Position Moiety Compound I 3 CH2 5
Page 129 and 130: Table 18: 13 C NMR data for compoun
Page 131 and 132: The equatorial methyl group at C-4,
Page 133 and 134: The proton NMR data for compound II
Page 135 and 136: Position 6 7 Compound III (400MHz)
Page 137 and 138: 3.4.3 Structure elucidation of Comp
Page 139 and 140: showed HMBC correlations to another
Page 141 and 142: H HO 3 OH H 2 4 24 eq 1 23 5 ax Hax
Page 143 and 144: HO HO Position 2 23 4 10 24 25 26 9
Page 145 and 146: Position Compound IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 b
Page 147 and 148: multiplet at δH 1.91 (H-21) and a
Page 149 and 150: 1 H Position Compound VI Burns et a
Page 151 and 152: Ultraviolet spectrum (λ max): 192n
Page 153 and 154: References Ansell, S.M. (1989) The
Page 155 and 156: Laing, M.D., Drewes, S.E. and Gurla
Page 157 and 158: van Vuuren, S. (2007) The antimicro
Page 159 and 160: Since the 7α-isomers of compounds
Page 161 and 162: eing incubated for 24 hours at 37°
Page 163 and 164: This indicated that the dihydroxy c
Page 165 and 166: acetic acid and air drying the plat
Page 167 and 168: whereas GI50 values for the renal a
Page 169 and 170: Table 28: Growth inhibition values
Page 171 and 172: Gaspar-Marques, C., Duarte, M.A., S
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 5 Conclusion The aim of thi
Page 175 and 176: References Abdel-Mogib, M., Albar,
Page 177: Table of Contents Page Compound I,
Page 181 and 182: Compound IV, euscaphic acid HO HO 2
Page 183: HO Compound VI, lupeol 3 24 25 26 2
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HO 218
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HO 220
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222
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