Livelihood Security: Climate change, conflict and migration in - UNEP

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51 Wane, A. (2006). Review of the literature on pastoral economics and marketing: West Africa. Report prepared for the World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism, IUCN EARO. Retrieved May 2011 from http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/ west_africa_reports.pdf 52 SWAC-OECD/ECOWAS. (2008), Livestock and regional market in the Sahel of West Africa: Potentials and Challenges. Retrieved September 2009 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/8/41848366.pdf 53 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2008). Fishing for Coherence in West Africa: Policy Coherence in the Fisheries Sector in Seven West African Countries. OECD. Paris. 54 Food & Agriculture Organization. (2011). The relative importance of trade in fishery products in 2008. Retrieved May 2011from ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/stat/summary/a7ybc.pdf 55 World Bank. (2010). Forest area (percentage of land area). 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Policy Framework for Pastoralism in Africa: Securing, Protecting and Improving the Lives, Livelihoods and Rights of Pastoralist Communities. Retrieved, July 2011 from http://www.future-agricultures. org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7521:au-policy-framework&catid=1549:future-ofpastoralism&Itemid=981 71 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2009, January). Climate Change in West Africa: Sahelian Adaptation Strategies. SWAC Briefing Note 3. OECD. Paris. Retrieved May 2011 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/39/42139680.pdf 72 Warner, K., Ehrhart,C., de Sherbinin, A., Adamo, S. & Chai-Onn, T. (2009). In search of a shelter: mapping the effects of climate change on human migration. CARE, CIESIN, UNHCR, UNU, World Bank. 73 Wane, A. (2006). Review of the literature on pastoral economics and marketing: West Africa. Report prepared for the World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism, IUCN EARO. Retrieved May 2011 from http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/ west_africa_reports.pdf 74 Tonah, S. (2002). “Fulani pastoralists, indigenous farmers and the contest fro land in Northern Ghana.” Africa Spectrum. 37 (1), pp. 43-59. 75 Nori, M., Switzer, J., Crawford, A. (n.d.). Herding on the brink: Towards a global survey of pastoral communities and conflict. An Occasional Working Paper from the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy. International Institute for Sustainable Development & The World Conservation Union. Livelihood Security: Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel 99
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Livelihood Security Climate Change,
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Livelihood Security Climate Change,
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Figures Figure 1. Conceptual framew
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Preface by the Permanent Interstate
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Executive Summary “Competition be
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Livelihoods that depend on natural
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tion are regional in nature, and as
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25°0'N 20°0'N 15°0'N 10°0'N 5°
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conflict, migration and ultimately
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A young boy tills the soil in Mali,
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25°0'N 20°0'N 15°0'N 10°0'N 5°
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Box 1 . Forest-based livelihoods Ma
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Adverse changes in the environment,
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Conflicts in the region have result
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successive droughts, greater rain v
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3. Mapping historical climate trend
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Box 4 . Data limitations A major ch
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Algeria Wadi Irharrhar Arlit ! Agad
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Figure 4 . Mean seasonal rainfall i
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" ! Niamey Benin bomey Algeria Vall
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These events undermine crop yields
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_ _ _ _ _ _ ! ! ! ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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Dakar T h e a m b i a Nouakchott Ba
Page 49 and 50: In combination with volatile global
Page 51 and 52: 49 Livelihood Security: Climate Cha
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Page 55 and 56: area of this report (hotspots 3, 7,
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Page 61 and 62: Case study 4: Flooding and migratio
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Page 65 and 66: Case study 7: Best practices in ada
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Page 75 and 76: tion risk, help prioritize adaptati
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Page 79 and 80: Annexes Annex 1 . Acronyms . . . .
Page 81 and 82: NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospher
Page 83 and 84: Livelihood security Livelihood secu
Page 85 and 86: ated to increase processing time. B
Page 87 and 88: Benin (BEN) Burkina Faso (BFA) Cape
Page 89 and 90: NESDIS-STAR - GRIDDED GLOBAL VEGETA
Page 91 and 92: Weaknesses of the dataset: • •
Page 93 and 94: Seasonal temperature trend (1970-20
Page 95 and 96: Areas affected by flooding (1985-20
Page 97 and 98: Annex 8. Adapting to change: Lesson
Page 99: Annex 9. References 1 UN Office for
Page 103 and 104: 102 International Organization for
Page 105 and 106: 152 International Organization of M
Page 107 and 108: 203 Waqo, H. & Rachael, O. (2008, 1
Page 109 and 110: Annex 10. Acknowledgements Primary
Page 111 and 112: www.unep.org/conflictsanddisasters
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