Livelihood Security: Climate change, conflict and migration in - UNEP

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livelihood diversification and the elaboration
of dispute resolution mechanisms.
Migration profiles prepared by IOM highlight
that migration patterns have been shifting
over the last two decades, but systematic
censuses have not taken place. 233 Surveys
should also be conducted directly with
migrants in order to better understand reasons
behind the decision to migrate. Data
collection should distinguish between shortterm
and permanent migration, as well as
areas of origin and destination.
Remote sensing should be used to monitor
land use changes, changes in water flows,
and agro-pastoral seasons in order to understand
large-scale trends and assess factors
affecting the vulnerability of livelihoods.
Establishing and using early warning systems
can help mitigate livelihood insecurities by
providing the information required to mitigate
disaster risk, food insecurity and related
conflict and migration outcomes. This report
recommends that the checklist developed
by the UN International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (ISDR) be followed. 234
Environmental and natural resource issues
should be included in international and
regional conflict early warning systems in
order to support preventive action and
encourage environmental cooperation.
7) Use conflict and/or migration risk to prioritize
investments and build donor commitment to
long-term engagement in the Sahel: Addressing
climate change impacts on livelihoods in the
Sahel requires long-term financial commitment
and improved coordination of investments.
Identified conflict and migration risks from
climate change impacts on livelihoods and
food security can help prioritize programme
and funding. To ensure the most efficient use
of donor support, the following should be considered:
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Focus adaptation programmes on core
capacity-building for conflict prevention, dispute
resolution and migration management,
as well as technology transfer for data collec-
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tion and analysis and green technology, and
agree on performance-based financing.
Forced displacement can be minimized by
investing resources in disaster risk reduction
and climate change adaptation to increase
the resilience of affected communities while
at the same time bolstering humanitarian
action to meet the growing challenge of
climate change. This includes measures to
ensure adequate assistance and protection
for people migrating as a result of environmental
factors.
Funding should also be prioritized for regional
organizations such as ECOWAS and CILSS to
support transboundary projects addressing
the regional dimensions of climate change,
migration and conflict.
Existing climate change adaptation and
mitigation funding sources – such as the
UNFCCC’s Green Climate Fund, the Adaptation
Fund, and the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) – should adopt clear
policy guidelines on the need to address
conflict and migration risks. These facilities
should also enable regional organizations
to access funding, in addition to national
entities.
The estimated cost of the immediate next
steps recommended in this study is USD
12 million. This includes capacity-building
for national and regional authorities in integrating
migration and conflict sensitivities
into adaptation planning (US$ 1.5 million);
establishing and maintaining international
stand-by mediation capacity (US$ 1 million);
establishing weather stations and related
maintenance activities to ensure reliable
and systematic data collection (US$ 3.5
million for onetime investments + US$ 1.5
million per year for maintenance and data
collection); focused follow-up studies and
interventions to better understand the realities
on the ground in the hotspots identified in this
study (ten separate projects with a budget of
US$ 250,000 each); and resources to collect
migration and conflict data systematically
and down to the local level (US$ 2 million).
Livelihood Security: Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel