Livelihood Security: Climate change, conflict and migration in - UNEP

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76 • • • • livelihood diversification and the elaboration of dispute resolution mechanisms. Migration profiles prepared by IOM highlight that migration patterns have been shifting over the last two decades, but systematic censuses have not taken place. 233 Surveys should also be conducted directly with migrants in order to better understand reasons behind the decision to migrate. Data collection should distinguish between shortterm and permanent migration, as well as areas of origin and destination. Remote sensing should be used to monitor land use changes, changes in water flows, and agro-pastoral seasons in order to understand large-scale trends and assess factors affecting the vulnerability of livelihoods. Establishing and using early warning systems can help mitigate livelihood insecurities by providing the information required to mitigate disaster risk, food insecurity and related conflict and migration outcomes. This report recommends that the checklist developed by the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) be followed. 234 Environmental and natural resource issues should be included in international and regional conflict early warning systems in order to support preventive action and encourage environmental cooperation. 7) Use conflict and/or migration risk to prioritize investments and build donor commitment to long-term engagement in the Sahel: Addressing climate change impacts on livelihoods in the Sahel requires long-term financial commitment and improved coordination of investments. Identified conflict and migration risks from climate change impacts on livelihoods and food security can help prioritize programme and funding. To ensure the most efficient use of donor support, the following should be considered: • Focus adaptation programmes on core capacity-building for conflict prevention, dispute resolution and migration management, as well as technology transfer for data collec- • • • • tion and analysis and green technology, and agree on performance-based financing. Forced displacement can be minimized by investing resources in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation to increase the resilience of affected communities while at the same time bolstering humanitarian action to meet the growing challenge of climate change. This includes measures to ensure adequate assistance and protection for people migrating as a result of environmental factors. Funding should also be prioritized for regional organizations such as ECOWAS and CILSS to support transboundary projects addressing the regional dimensions of climate change, migration and conflict. Existing climate change adaptation and mitigation funding sources – such as the UNFCCC’s Green Climate Fund, the Adaptation Fund, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – should adopt clear policy guidelines on the need to address conflict and migration risks. These facilities should also enable regional organizations to access funding, in addition to national entities. The estimated cost of the immediate next steps recommended in this study is USD 12 million. This includes capacity-building for national and regional authorities in integrating migration and conflict sensitivities into adaptation planning (US$ 1.5 million); establishing and maintaining international stand-by mediation capacity (US$ 1 million); establishing weather stations and related maintenance activities to ensure reliable and systematic data collection (US$ 3.5 million for onetime investments + US$ 1.5 million per year for maintenance and data collection); focused follow-up studies and interventions to better understand the realities on the ground in the hotspots identified in this study (ten separate projects with a budget of US$ 250,000 each); and resources to collect migration and conflict data systematically and down to the local level (US$ 2 million). Livelihood Security: Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel
Annexes Annex 1 . Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Annex 2 . Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Annex 3 . Map methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Annex 4 . Migration data used (2000-2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Annex 5 . Summary of datasets used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Annex 6 . Land area and population affected by changes in the four climate indicators used . . . . . 90 Annex 7 . Population vulnerable to sea-level rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Annex 8 . Adapting to change: Lessons from local best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Annex 9 . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Annex 10 . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Livelihood Security: Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel 77
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Livelihood Security Climate Change,
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Livelihood Security Climate Change,
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Figures Figure 1. Conceptual framew
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Preface by the Permanent Interstate
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Executive Summary “Competition be
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Livelihoods that depend on natural
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tion are regional in nature, and as
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25°0'N 20°0'N 15°0'N 10°0'N 5°
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conflict, migration and ultimately
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A young boy tills the soil in Mali,
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25°0'N 20°0'N 15°0'N 10°0'N 5°
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Box 1 . Forest-based livelihoods Ma
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Adverse changes in the environment,
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Page 87 and 88: Benin (BEN) Burkina Faso (BFA) Cape
Page 89 and 90: NESDIS-STAR - GRIDDED GLOBAL VEGETA
Page 91 and 92: Weaknesses of the dataset: • •
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Page 95 and 96: Areas affected by flooding (1985-20
Page 97 and 98: Annex 8. Adapting to change: Lesson
Page 99 and 100: Annex 9. References 1 UN Office for
Page 101 and 102: 51 Wane, A. (2006). Review of the l
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Page 107 and 108: 203 Waqo, H. & Rachael, O. (2008, 1
Page 109 and 110: Annex 10. Acknowledgements Primary
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Livelihood Security: Climate change, conflict and migration in - UNEP

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