Ergonomics - Atlas Copco

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This is only the direct cost. The indirect costs generated by work-related disorders are primarily in connection with productivity losses and quality problems. The rela- tionship between direct and indirect costs is not really known, but indications are that the indirect cost may be in the order of three times the direct cost. Today we see a growing demand for more scientific research in this field. When the true extent of costs related to bad ergonomics is made public, the possibilities of obtaining funding for workplace improve- ments will be much improved. ergonomics <strong>Ergonomics</strong> is a relatively new science combining knowledge from three disciplines – human science, work-related sciences and production science. Few ergonomists cover the entire field and it is usually personal interest that determines the individual’s profile of expertise. Teamwork contributes to the total knowledge available. In a planning situation all team members can become ergonomists in their search for human and practical solutions. The role of the trained ergonomist is to support the team and try to identify in advance work situations where excessive loads are likely to be placed on the operator. Operator involvement An operator with a high level of job satisfaction can be motivated to work more efficiently and to become more actively involved in the production system. Thus, increased productivity and improved product quality can be expected. Compatibility between machine, work organization and operator is therefore crucial to work performance and product quality. If the physical and psychological demands of a production system exceed an operator’s capacity for a prolonged period, the operator may suffer work injuries. Improving the interaction between the operators and their working environment is a major task on the agenda of most industries. To achieve the ultimate goal of increasing overall productivity, an optimal interaction between the operators and their working environment should be established, and poor interaction eliminated. This task calls for simultaneous study of the work organization, machines, workstations, production procedures, the physical and psychological capabilities of the employees, and the combined interaction of all these elements.
10 SOCIOLOGY INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY MEDICINE Fig. 1.1 <strong>Ergonomics</strong> is a multi-disciplinary science. Adapting the workstation to the operator WORK EXPERIENCE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH- OLOGY ENGI- NEERING WORK MEDICINE Every workstation is unique. The human being represents the largest collection of variables, therefore a workstation that suits one operator perfectly may be a disaster for another. This could be one of the reasons why problems often arise unexpectedly when a new production unit is started up. In the past, attempts have been made to set up a performance profile for every operator and compare this with a specified demand profile for each workstation. These attempts ERGONOMICS INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION APPLIED TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES were not successful, however, because the degree of sophistication of the human body defies efforts to encapsulate its parameters neatly in a performance profile. The workstation itself is also quite complicated. The goal must be to design workstations where every member of the actual workforce can work comfortably. This calls for a large degree of adjustability that often increases the cost. However, the investment can be justified by the resulting high flexibility. In recent years a clear trend has emerged where ergonomists in large companies are in- creasingly involved in the development of the next generation of products. Decision-makers are realizing that the most cost effective way to improve ergonomics in production is to design a product for easy production. The need for workstations that are badly designed from an ergonomics viewpoint is thus eliminated. Power tool ergonomics Operator comfort also depends on the power tool selected. In our range of pneumatic and electric nutrunners there are twelve different versions capable of tightening the same joint. They are designed for different purposes. For example, an impact wrench might be chosen for a vehicle repair shop, or a computer controlled electric nutrunner for safety joints in the automotive industry. All the tools are differ-
Page 1 and 2: Power Tool Ergonomics E V A L U A T
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements While doing resear
Page 5 and 6: How to get the best out of this boo
Page 7 and 8: Work with international standards I
Page 9: Good ergonomics is good economics W
Page 13 and 14: 12 Work organization No organizatio
Page 15 and 16: 1 outside the production system, an
Page 17 and 18: 1 A seated operator usually has goo
Page 19 and 20: 1 without stretching the trunk. The
Page 21 and 22: 20 The arm sling as a preventive me
Page 23 and 24: 22 Extreme working postures in real
Page 25 and 26: 2 Working with high feed forces req
Page 27 and 28: 2 Working areas of a standing works
Page 29 and 30: 2 body is lifted or tilted, or the
Page 31 and 32: 30 The team is an important factor
Page 33 and 34: 32 Grinders Grinders and sanders ar
Page 35 and 36: 34 HanDle DeSiGn The hand grips on
Page 37 and 38: 36 DUSt anD oil Although the machin
Page 39 and 40: 38 Working environment In general,
Page 41 and 42: 40 SHoCK reaCtion Sudden changes in
Page 43 and 44: 42 practice. Sometimes the chisel h
Page 45 and 46: 44 SHoCK reaCtion These tools do no
Page 47 and 48: 46 heavy, assembly work is often hi
Page 49 and 50: 48 depends on its inertia. The same
Page 51 and 52: 50 bolts. Unfortunately there are a
Page 53 and 54: 52 The low reaction torque in impul
Page 55 and 56: 54 the working environment A typica
Page 57 and 58: 56 Today, the angle nutrunner can b
Page 59 and 60: 58 High torque nutrunners for use w
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60 Wheel nuts on trucks and buses a
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62 Introduction A basic ergonomic p
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64 Handle design The handle of a ha
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66 Arteries Veins (superficial) Vei
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68 Handle size Since a tool handle
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70 However, if the texture is too c
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72 Bibliography Chaffin, D.B. and A
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74 Fig. 3.3 The same feed force app
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76 Pushing and pulling Pushing a to
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78 the object, the shape of the obj
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80 Safety factor a 2 Frequency of t
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82 Comments for different tool type
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84 The trigger is either operated b
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86 used in one handed operations. T
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88 Weight The weight of a hand-held
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90 stability of grip, the center of
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92 Temperature Hand-held power tool
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94 To ensure physical comfort durin
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96 Score 40 30 20 10 0 Bibliography
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98 the dynamic properties of the ma
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100 High motor power and fast clutc
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102 Score 40 30 20 10 0 shock react
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104 piezo-electric crystal. When th
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106 EN 50144 and EN 60745. Both ISO
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108 hole of the wheel are wider tha
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110 In the GTG 40 grinding machine,
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112 RRH machines serves two functio
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114 be noted that declared values b
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116 Noise Noise was the first envir
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118 value for 8 hours’ exposure t
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120 We can start by looking at the
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122 This is done with a minimum inc
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124 microphones at a distance of 1
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126 coated with dust or damaged by
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128 This method has not been used b
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130 tool cabinet. Many workplaces h
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132 lubrication. Made from a compos
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134 Grinder GTG 40 F085 The relevan
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136 were simulated by fitting a whe
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138 Drill LBB 26 EPX-060 The releva
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140 applied to the center of the dr
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142 Chipping hammer RRF 31 The rele
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144 SHOCK REACTION There are no sho
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146 Riveting hammer RRH 06 The rele
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148 WEIGHT The weight is 1.3 kg, sc
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150 Screwdriver LUM 22 PR4 The rele
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152 This gives a score of 9. In pra
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154 Impulse nutrunner EP9 PTX80-HR1
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156 Due to friction in the hydrauli
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158 Electric nutrunner ETP ST32-05-
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160 WEIGHT The electric nutrunner i
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162 Angle nutrunner LTV 29 R30-10 T
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164 operator equal to installed tor
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166 Electric angle nutrunner Tensor
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168 WEIGHT The electric nutrunner i
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170 High torque nutrunner LTP 51 Th
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172 Score 40 30 20 10 0 NOISE The d
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Ergonomics - Atlas Copco

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