Ergonomics - Atlas Copco

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1. The workplace Good ergonomics is good economics 8 Work organization 12 Sitting assembly workstation 15 Standing workstation 21 Standing assembly line workstation 27 2. Main types of power tools Grinders 32 Drills 37 Percussive tools 41 Screwdrivers 45 Impact and impulse nutrunners 49 Angle nutrunners 53 High torque nutrunners designed for use with reaction bars 58 3. Evaluation of power tools Introduction 62 Handle design 64 External load 73 Weight 88 Temperature 92 Shock reaction 97 Vibration 103 Noise 116 Dust and oil 125 4. Evaluation examples Grinder GTG 40 F085 134 Drill LBB 26 EPX-060 138 Chipping hammer RRF 31 142 Riveting hammer RRH 06 146 Screwdriver LUM 22 PR4 150 Impulse nutrunner, ErgoPulse EP9 PTX80-HR13 154 Electric nutrunner ETP ST32-05-10 158 Angle nutrunner LTV 29 R30-10 162 Electric angle nutrunner, Tensor ST61-50-10 166 High torque nutrunner LTP51 170
How to get the best out of this book If, like most of us, you’re in a hurry, go directly to Chapter 4 where you will find examples and a diagram showing a com- parison of ergonomic factors for the type of tool you are interested in. Here you will find an evaluation of the ergonomic factors mentioned in the book. Each diagram gives an evaluation of one particular tool and an idea of what to expect from other tools in the same family. Don’t be discouraged by the amount of information the book contains – it is not intended to be read from cover to cover in one heroic attempt. Good ergonomics is good economics The first chapter deals with the planning and operation of a production unit and typi- cal work environments where power tools are used. Main tool types The next chapter describes several main types of power tool and includes brief comments on ergonomic factors influencing the operator. Guide for evaluation The idea is to develop a method for compar- ing the impact of some major ergonomic factors on the operator during the work process. The method provides a systematic approach to assessing the ergonomic aspects of a tool in order to identify problems and areas requiring improvement. The state of the art The final chapter gives examples of specific tools. We believe them to be the best on the market. As such, they represent the state of the art for hand-held tool design. These tools are evaluated using the guide.
Page 1 and 2: Power Tool Ergonomics E V A L U A T
Page 3: Acknowledgements While doing resear
Page 7 and 8: Work with international standards I
Page 9 and 10: Good ergonomics is good economics W
Page 11 and 12: 10 SOCIOLOGY INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY S
Page 13 and 14: 12 Work organization No organizatio
Page 15 and 16: 1 outside the production system, an
Page 17 and 18: 1 A seated operator usually has goo
Page 19 and 20: 1 without stretching the trunk. The
Page 21 and 22: 20 The arm sling as a preventive me
Page 23 and 24: 22 Extreme working postures in real
Page 25 and 26: 2 Working with high feed forces req
Page 27 and 28: 2 Working areas of a standing works
Page 29 and 30: 2 body is lifted or tilted, or the
Page 31 and 32: 30 The team is an important factor
Page 33 and 34: 32 Grinders Grinders and sanders ar
Page 35 and 36: 34 HanDle DeSiGn The hand grips on
Page 37 and 38: 36 DUSt anD oil Although the machin
Page 39 and 40: 38 Working environment In general,
Page 41 and 42: 40 SHoCK reaCtion Sudden changes in
Page 43 and 44: 42 practice. Sometimes the chisel h
Page 45 and 46: 44 SHoCK reaCtion These tools do no
Page 47 and 48: 46 heavy, assembly work is often hi
Page 49 and 50: 48 depends on its inertia. The same
Page 51 and 52: 50 bolts. Unfortunately there are a
Page 53 and 54: 52 The low reaction torque in impul
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54 the working environment A typica
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56 Today, the angle nutrunner can b
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58 High torque nutrunners for use w
Page 61 and 62:
60 Wheel nuts on trucks and buses a
Page 63 and 64:
62 Introduction A basic ergonomic p
Page 65 and 66:
64 Handle design The handle of a ha
Page 67 and 68:
66 Arteries Veins (superficial) Vei
Page 69 and 70:
68 Handle size Since a tool handle
Page 71 and 72:
70 However, if the texture is too c
Page 73 and 74:
72 Bibliography Chaffin, D.B. and A
Page 75 and 76:
74 Fig. 3.3 The same feed force app
Page 77 and 78:
76 Pushing and pulling Pushing a to
Page 79 and 80:
78 the object, the shape of the obj
Page 81 and 82:
80 Safety factor a 2 Frequency of t
Page 83 and 84:
82 Comments for different tool type
Page 85 and 86:
84 The trigger is either operated b
Page 87 and 88:
86 used in one handed operations. T
Page 89 and 90:
88 Weight The weight of a hand-held
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90 stability of grip, the center of
Page 93 and 94:
92 Temperature Hand-held power tool
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94 To ensure physical comfort durin
Page 97 and 98:
96 Score 40 30 20 10 0 Bibliography
Page 99 and 100:
98 the dynamic properties of the ma
Page 101 and 102:
100 High motor power and fast clutc
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102 Score 40 30 20 10 0 shock react
Page 105 and 106:
104 piezo-electric crystal. When th
Page 107 and 108:
106 EN 50144 and EN 60745. Both ISO
Page 109 and 110:
108 hole of the wheel are wider tha
Page 111 and 112:
110 In the GTG 40 grinding machine,
Page 113 and 114:
112 RRH machines serves two functio
Page 115 and 116:
114 be noted that declared values b
Page 117 and 118:
116 Noise Noise was the first envir
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118 value for 8 hours’ exposure t
Page 121 and 122:
120 We can start by looking at the
Page 123 and 124:
122 This is done with a minimum inc
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124 microphones at a distance of 1
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126 coated with dust or damaged by
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128 This method has not been used b
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130 tool cabinet. Many workplaces h
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132 lubrication. Made from a compos
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134 Grinder GTG 40 F085 The relevan
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136 were simulated by fitting a whe
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138 Drill LBB 26 EPX-060 The releva
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140 applied to the center of the dr
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142 Chipping hammer RRF 31 The rele
Page 145 and 146:
144 SHOCK REACTION There are no sho
Page 147 and 148:
146 Riveting hammer RRH 06 The rele
Page 149 and 150:
148 WEIGHT The weight is 1.3 kg, sc
Page 151 and 152:
150 Screwdriver LUM 22 PR4 The rele
Page 153 and 154:
152 This gives a score of 9. In pra
Page 155 and 156:
154 Impulse nutrunner EP9 PTX80-HR1
Page 157 and 158:
156 Due to friction in the hydrauli
Page 159 and 160:
158 Electric nutrunner ETP ST32-05-
Page 161 and 162:
160 WEIGHT The electric nutrunner i
Page 163 and 164:
162 Angle nutrunner LTV 29 R30-10 T
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164 operator equal to installed tor
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166 Electric angle nutrunner Tensor
Page 169 and 170:
168 WEIGHT The electric nutrunner i
Page 171 and 172:
170 High torque nutrunner LTP 51 Th
Page 173 and 174:
172 Score 40 30 20 10 0 NOISE The d
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Ergonomics - Atlas Copco

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