Joint Operating Concept (JOC) - GlobalSecurity.org

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Irregular warfare (IW) is defined as a violent struggle among state and nonstate
actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. IW favors
indirect and asymmetric approaches, though it may employ the full range of
military and other capabilities, in order to erode an adversary’s power, influence,
and will. It is inherently a protracted struggle that will test the resolve of our
Nation and our strategic partners.
Our adversaries will pursue IW strategies, employing a hybrid of irregular,
disruptive, traditional, and catastrophic capabilities to undermine and erode the
influence and will of the United States and our strategic partners. Meeting these
challenges and combating this approach will require the concerted efforts of all
available instruments of US national power.
Influencing foreign governments and populations is a complex and
inherently political activity. This Joint Operating Concept (JOC) describes the
military role in protracted IW campaigns; however, these campaigns will fail if
waged by military means alone. The nature of IW requires the US Government
(USG) to achieve the level of unified action necessary to integrate all available
instruments of national power to address irregular threats. The USG will have to
develop “Whole of Government” approaches to waging IW at the political,
strategic, operational, and tactical levels. Other government agencies must build
their capacity to operate in unstable or hostile environments.
Irregular warfare is about people, not platforms. IW depends not just on
our military prowess, but also our understanding of such social dynamics as
tribal politics, social networks, religious influences, and cultural mores. People,
not platforms and advanced technology, will be the key to IW success. The joint
force will need patient, persistent, and culturally savvy people to build the local
relationships and partnerships essential to executing IW.
Waging protracted irregular warfare depends on building global capability
and capacity. IW will not be won by the United States alone, but rather
through the combined efforts of our partners. This will require the joint force to
establish long-term sustained presence in numerous countries to build the
necessary partner capability and capacity to extend US operational reach,
multiply forces available, and increase options for defeating our adversaries.
This JOC describes how future joint force commanders will accomplish
strategic objectives through the conduct of protracted IW on a global or regional
scale. It identifies capabilities and capacities required to successfully prosecute
IW. Many of the ideas advocated in this JOC are drawn from best practices of
current conflicts and history. A synopsis of the logic and key elements of the IW
JOC are depicted in the following figure:
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