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Page 1:
ANALYSIS OF A PILOT-SCALE ANAEROBIC
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i DECLARATIONS I, Katherine Maria F
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My deepest thanks must be extended
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vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ANALYSIS OF A
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5.3 Feed characteristics and loadin
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xi LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: List o
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xiii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Gr
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Figure 5.1 Installation of the ABR
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Figure 6.8: WEST® representation o
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xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A-HRT App
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1 1 INTRODUCTION The work presented
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obtained from anaerobic systems rel
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• Lalbahadur (MTech, 2005) perfor
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1.7 ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS This
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9 2 LITERATURE REVIEW A detailed re
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• Disintegration of composite par
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Homoacetogens are one of the most v
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Most of the control in anaerobic di
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therefore the sensitivity of the ov
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∆Gº (W) [kcal] -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 L
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For systems with low potential for
Page 47 and 48:
design of the digester in which the
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2.2.2 Expanded granular sludge bed
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fact that for most non-ideal flow s
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hydrolysis steps to convert them to
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from the clarified zone between the
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Table 2.4: Typical pathogen surviva
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Table 2.5: Studies using anaerobic
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• There is no requirement for bio
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Kennedy and Barriault (2005) perfor
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methanogenic (Akunna and Clark, 200
Page 68 and 69:
and 6 h with no significant differe
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2.5.1.12 Granule formation in ABRs
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• A baffled reactor is described
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2.5.3.4 Scanning electron microscop
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spacing on flow patterns in a singl
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Figure 3.5: Orthographic projection
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PLC calculated the fraction of that
Page 82 and 83:
epresent buulk conditionns. Compart
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The rreactor was initially commmiss
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Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
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Table 4.1: Characteristics of degri
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Table 4.2: Pilot-scale ABR approxim
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COD [mgCOD/ℓ] 2000 1800 1600 1400
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4.3.5 Phosphorus Figure 4.8 present
Page 97 and 98:
Observation of sludge in compartmen
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Another interesting observation is
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4.4.3 pH pH measurements were perfo
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esult in low pH values. The reasons
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4.5 SUMMARY: PHASE I - OPERATION AT
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than the optimal range for methanog
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5 EXPERIMENTAL PHASES II-IV: KINGSB
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sludge on a number of occasions. Wh
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On days 99 and 100 of Phase III, a
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5.3.2 Analysis of variations in fee
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Table 5.2: Pilot-scale ABR average
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5.4.1.2 Phase III In Phase III, (Fi
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Phase II: Alkalinity [mgCaCO3/ℓ]
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Eq. 5-1 However, at a COD/SO4 2- ra
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wastewater was probably higher than
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5.5.2.2 Damping Figure 5.12 and Fig
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• The outflow COD values were not
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• Information about the volume of
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As with the total volume of sludge
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It is not clear why the rate of acc
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most compartments was exactly 6.5,
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Soluble COD [mg/ℓ] 600 500 400 30
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pathogens and parasites, which may
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% Probe of DAPI % Probe of DAPI % P
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later compartments at all. Furtherm
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and 4, with decreasing observations
Page 149 and 150: • The mechanism of sludge build-u
Page 151: Table 5.6: Inflow and outflow chara
Page 154 and 155: Behling et al. (1997) studied the p
Page 156 and 157: organisms in previous compartments.
Page 158 and 159: velocities. Unfortunately, these tw
Page 160 and 161: Thus for a fixed sludge load, at hi
Page 162 and 163: sampling was not possible since in
Page 164 and 165: Wentzel (2006) recommends a COD to
Page 166 and 167: 6.2.1.4 Calculation of CH4 producti
Page 168 and 169: organically bound N) or that N accu
Page 170 and 171: All VFA is consumed in the process,
Page 172 and 173: However, these assumptions are clea
Page 174 and 175: The calculated pH value is compared
Page 176 and 177: influent alkalinity will increase d
Page 178 and 179: The original objective to develop a
Page 180 and 181: • It was not possible to simulate
Page 182 and 183: employed for a medium strength wast
Page 184 and 185: 6.6.4 Alternative baffle design Thi
Page 186 and 187: 6.7.3 Monitoring requirements The m
Page 188 and 189: compartments (Section 6.1.1) pH val
Page 190 and 191: generally about anaerobic digestion
Page 192 and 193: 7.1.1.6 Effect of sludge age on bio
Page 194 and 195: 7.1.2.4 Critical design parameters
Page 196 and 197: 172
Page 198 and 199: Batstone D. J., Keller J., Angelida
Page 202 and 203: MacLeod F. A., Guiot S. R. and Cost
Page 204 and 205: Sasse L. (1998). Decentralised wast
Page 206 and 207: Wanasen (2003). Upgrading conventio
Page 209 and 210: METTHODS OFF SAMPLINNG AND ANNALYSI
Page 211 and 212: 3.6 Enumeration of total coliforms
Page 213 and 214: that the means are the same, or con
Page 215 and 216: And the significance of the regress
Page 217 and 218: ADDITIONAL RESULTS 193 APPENDIX A3
Page 219 and 220: Table A3. 1 cont. Phase I Phase II
Page 221 and 222: each of the eight compartments were
Page 223 and 224: 3.2 Pathogen indicator organisms A
Page 225 and 226: APPLIED VS. APPARENT HYDRAULIC RETE
Page 227 and 228: 19 h apparent HRT 14 h apparent HRT
Page 229 and 230: 205 APPENDIX A5 CALCULATION OF SOLI
Page 231 and 232: i.e. the average SRT of an accumula
Page 233: X X = P Inert ⋅ where Xinert is t
Page 236 and 237: iodegradable organic material may b
Page 238 and 239: Substituting Eq. A6- 1 in Eq. A6- 7
Page 240 and 241: 1.5 Implementation of steady-state
Page 242 and 243: X = 7⋅ Y = 7 Z = 7⋅ A = 7⋅ (
Page 244 and 245: Dama, P., Bell J., Naidoo, V., Foxo
Page 246: Lalbahadur T. (2004) Characterisati
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